Elizabeth and religion Flashcards

Question

Answer 1

A

Frequent religious changes left many people confused
some catholic reforms had been introduced but their success may have been overshadowed by the burnings
Marian bishops were unwilling to compromise and able to defeat Elizabeth’s first settlement proposal
The number of protestants were unknown and they were joined by marian exiles who wanted more radical protestantism

Answer 2

A

England was still at war with France having lost Calais. To keep peace, Elizabeth accepted this.
Spain was a vital interest as it ruled the key trading partner of England, the Netherlands. BUT spain needed England as it needed to be able to pass through the channel to get there. they were also conserned with keeping England out of french rule
Scottland was allied with france and had Mary queen of scotts who had a good claim to the throne who france was eager to promote. Protestant lords effectivly removed this threat
Elizabeth needed to be cautious but the main powers were willing to put aside religion for politics
There was peace with france in April 1559

Answer 3

A

she was the symbol of the break with rome, catholics did not accept her as legitimate so her settlement had to be protestant
she was careful to keep her personal beliefs quiet. Despite this, she did:
leave chapel on Christmas Day 1558 when the host was elevated, as it implied worshipping the sacrament, a Catholic belief
-react to monks carrying candles and incense, suggesting further dislike of Catholic practices.
she still liked the church and music and disliked long sermons

Answer 4

A

Elizabeth had to get the parlaiments approval to pass laws. The HoC would support her but there was a strong catholic presence in the HoL
Her first settlement proposal was accepted by the HoC but not HoL and 18 peers opposed changing the doctrine
Parlaiment was suspended for easter and on return, two bishops were imprisoned in the ToL for disobidience
She changed her title to ‘suprime govener’ to appease the catholics
The act of uniformity passed through both houses (just)
Soon after, all the Marian bishops refused to take the Oath of Supremacy and were deprived of their positions.

Answer 5

A

Elizabeth became supreme governor
All clergy and officials had to swear an oath to her
Heresy laws were repealed
communion in both bread and wine were autherised

Answer 6

A

1552 prayer book must be used in all churches
Must attend church on sunday or be fined a shilling
Ornaments of the church and dress of the clergy were to be that of 1548 (this could later be changed by the queen if she wished)
Communion would be said in form of 1549 & 52 prayer books
the ‘black rubric’ denying the bodily presence of christ at comunion was ommitted

Answer 7

A

Taxes paid by the church would go to Elizabeth
Monistaries restored under Mary would be dissolved and land confirmed as legal possession of those who aquired them
Royal injunctions forced clergy to wear distinctive dress, music was encouraged congregations would bow to the name of Jesus and images didn’t have to be destroyed

Answer 8

A

they wanted a calvonist state
They disliked all catholic tradition that was being allowed
Disliked church structure and wanted appointment of bishops by the church not the queen
They continued to oppose settlements and try to change it throughout Elizabeths reign

Answer 9

A

No official defenision of what constitutes a puritan but they wanted to changed the religious settlement through protest and properganda
initally gained their name through 1560 protest over vestiments
by 1570, they were protesting some of the practices in the prayer book and over the period, some began to want to establish a seperate church

Answer 10

A

started 1556 when Sampson (dean of christ church Oxford) was deprived for refusal to wear a surplice
Puritans won some consessions on this but some still refused to conform and in London, 37 preachers were deprived 1566
They appealed to Bullinger, a leading reformist in switzerland, for help and were denied
some of the deprived established their own church

Answer 11

A

won a concession accepting the clergy would only have to accept those of the 39 articles about the doctrine
1571, MP Walter Strickland proposed to a change in the prayer book but was summoned before the Privy council for infringing on the royal prerogative and barred from the HoC. He later returned but the bill did not appear again
Anthony Cope proposed a ‘bill and book’ to overthrow the government of the church ending the authority of bishops. He and four others were sent to the tower of london and the government lauched an attack in the commens against the bill
Puritan MPs then changed their tackticks

Answer 12

A

Thomas Cartwright (Cambridge professor) was the leading academic to attack the settlement, particularly the office of the bishops. His academic freedom of speech was removed and his professorship removed.
1572, Field and Wilcox published ‘the Admonition to the Parliament’ calling for the replacement of the church hierarchy. They were arrested and sent to jail but their ideas became debated.

Answer 13

A

wanted to establish their own church, most famously Brownists in Norwich
there was a group under Barrow and greenwood in London but they were arrested and executed under legislation against sectaries (sepratists who believed the right of each congregation to worship as they pleased)
this ended the small and heavily devided movement
most puritans accepted the church as they could still believe as they wanted too so long as they attended church on Sundays

Answer 14

A

Some preachers went abroad but some were protected by privy council members like Cecile and leister
it mainly survived because of prophesyings (the clergy coming together to discuss the bible through the classis movement where they met to disscuss common interest
Nobles helped this by establishing lectureships and increasing the number of preachings
this concerned Liz as it was out of her control but its success was limited (no official doctrine, much devision, the determination of Archbishop whitgift to establish conformity)
Whitgift introduced 3 articles all clergy had to follow
the publication of the puritans ‘Marprelates tract’ attacking bishops allowed shut down of the printing press and discredited puritans. Many leaders lost the will to keep fighting.

Answer 15

A

1527 -
remained in England (though deprived) through Mary’s reign so had not experinced ideas of Geneva that influenced other peoples views.
He appealed to Elizabeth and achived:
The passage of the 39 articles resisting calls for it it be more protestant
achieving compramise over vestments and issuing advertisements encouraging clergy to accept some uniformity (this initially disapointed Liz but kept her some popularity)
Provided the settlement with a firm basis

Answer 16

A

exiled during Mary’s reign
Elizabeth was forced to appoint an exile with resignation of Mary’s bishops
He didn’t want the role and disagreed with Liz over Prophesying (he thought it would improve the circulation of preaching, Liz wanted governmental control)
1576: refused to suppress or send orders to end prophesying and was confined to his house and suspended for 6 months
the suspension meant there was no church leadership for a while bringing discredit
Finally agreed to resign but died before the process was complete.

Answer 17

A

Stayed in England for Mary’s reign
Ensured Cartwrite lost professorship
became Bishop of canturbury 1583 and strengthend the church:
used the new court of high commission to ensure uniformity
introduced the 3 articles
used ex-offico oath so those questioned had to swear to answer questions truthfully before knowing the questions
with Bancroft (bishop of London), clamped down on those responsable for the ‘Marprelates Tracts’
Elizabeth supported his actions and made him privy counciller

Answer 18

A

She was forced to abdicate the Scottish throne and escaped to England
she was an anointed queen, Henry VIII’s granddaughter so had a claim to the throne, and catholic
If Elizabeth sent her back, she would either be killed or build up a force against Elizabeth
If Elizabeth kept her in England, she could build up support there
Elizabeth kept her in England and fought to keep her alive

Answer 19

A

1569-70
Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland led the rebellion
Mass was breifly restored in Durham cathedral and Mary’s claim to the throne put forward
It was put down and Mary moved further south

Answer 20

A

1570
The papal bull excomunicated Liz
Catholics did not have to recongnise Elizabeth as queen

Answer 21

A

1571: Ridolfi and the Spanish ambassador planned to marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk and put her on the throne
1572: Bartholomew day massacre: assassination of protestants and Henry of Navarre’s wedding. Seen as a plot to wipe out protestants in Europe
1583: Throckmorton and the Spanish ambassador plotted to kill Elizabeth
1586: Babington plotted to kill Elizabeth and make England catholic again using Spanish troops

Answer 22

A

1584: Bond of association - anyone linked to the plots could be killed
1586: treaty of Berwick - Promising James VI a pension in return for Scottland remaining friendly
1586: Privy council put more pressure on Elizabeth to execute Mary
1587: Mary is executed

Answer 23

A

Elizabeth had hoped Catholicism would just die out (it didn’t)
William Allen established seminary at Douai to train priests to go to England
They would be able to give sacraments, administer rites and keep the religion alive
1574: first Jesuit arrives
1577: Mayne is executed for treason (shows they were successful as they were worth responding too)
1580s: Jesuits emerged
1581: Parliament increased recusancy fine to £20/ month and made recognising the authority of Rome treason
1585: being an ordained catholic priest became treason
Before 1580’s: about 100 J’s came over
1580-85: 179 came over (24 were executed)
-1588: numbers peaked
650 total came over, 133 executed
their achievements are debated (some say they only worked in the south east, some say they were influential through the gentry)

Answer 24

A

Elizabeth’s longevity meant Catholicism was dying out
Appeal of Catholicism was limited due to acts and fines
lack of effective support from abroad
Shortage of catholic priests
some Catholic’s went abroad
Execution of Mary
defeat of the Spanish Armada
Social pressure to conform