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Histroy > Elizabeth > Flashcards

Elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

What was the main role of the Local Government during the Elizabethan Age?

A

To maintain law and order on a local level across counties, towns, and parishes.

Local Government was essential for the functioning of the state and supported the central government.

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2
Q

Who was the chief of the local officials in the Elizabethan Local Government?

A

The Lord Lieutenant.

The Lord Lieutenant was typically a wealthy landowner and often a Privy Councillor.

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3
Q

What was the primary responsibility of the Justice of the Peace (JP)?

A

To maintain law and order on a local level on a daily basis.

JPs also oversaw minor court cases, highway maintenance, and poor relief.

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4
Q

How many Justices of the Peace (JPs) were typically found in a county?

A

30-60 JPs per county.

The number depended on the size of the county.

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5
Q

What was the role of the Sheriff in the Elizabethan Local Government?

A

To complete documents for apprenticeships, fix prices and wages, and look after the poor.

The Sheriff’s responsibilities were largely diminished, with many transferred to the Lord Lieutenant or JPs.

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6
Q

What was the function of the Parish Constable?

A

To maintain order and oversee minor law enforcement in the parish or town for one year.

The position was unpaid and typically held by a tradesman or local farmer.

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7
Q

Who worked alongside the Parish Constable at night?

A

The Night Watchman.

The Night Watchman patrolled the parish or town at night.

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8
Q

What were the responsibilities of the Overseers of the Poor?

A

To collect the poor rate and distribute it to those in need.

They were appointed by the JP.

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9
Q

What comprised the House of Lords in the Elizabethan Parliament?

A

100 Lords, bishops, and judges appointed by the Queen.

Members of the House of Lords were not elected by the public.

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10
Q

How many Members of Parliament were in the House of Commons?

A

450 Members of Parliament.

This included 2 MPs per county and 2 MPs per important town.

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11
Q

What was a major reason Elizabeth called Parliament during her reign?

A

When she was short of money and needed revenue from taxes.

This included situations like wars with Ireland or Spain.

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12
Q

What limited the freedom of speech in the Elizabethan Parliament?

A

Elizabeth appointed the Speaker and chose discussion topics.

MPs discussing forbidden topics risked dismissal.

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13
Q

What financial issue did Elizabeth inherit in 1558?

A

£227,000 in Marian Debt.

This debt was accrued by Queen Mary I.

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14
Q

What actions did Parliament take to assist Elizabeth with financial matters?

A

Helped to balance the books and clear the debt.

This included cutting Royal Household expenditures and capping Court salaries.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ was responsible for maintaining law and order on a daily basis at a local level.

A

Justice of the Peace (JP).

JPs were crucial for local governance.

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16
Q

True or False: The House of Commons consisted of elected representatives from the public.

A

False.

Members were wealthy male landowners, not elected by the public.

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17
Q

What was the main duty of the Night Watchman?

A

To patrol the parish or town at night.

This role was crucial for nighttime law enforcement.

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18
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s father?

A

King Henry VIII

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19
Q

What was Elizabeth’s mother’s name?

A

Anne Boleyn

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20
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s half siblings?

A
  • Edward VI
  • Mary I
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21
Q

What title did Elizabeth hold at the age of 25?

A

Queen of England

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22
Q

In what year was Elizabeth born?

A

1533

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23
Q

What significant event happened to Elizabeth after her mother’s beheading?

A

She was declared illegitimate.

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24
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s cousin?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots

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25
Q

What religious affiliation was Elizabeth raised in?

A

Protestant

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26
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s stepmother?

A

Catherine Parr

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27
Q

What year did Henry VIII die?

A

1547

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28
Q

Who became Queen after Edward VI’s death?

A

Mary I

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29
Q

Which king was Mary I married to?

A

King Philip II of Spain

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30
Q

What rebellion occurred in 1554, leading to Elizabeth’s imprisonment?

A

Wyatt Rebellion

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31
Q

Where was Elizabeth initially imprisoned?

A

Tower of London

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32
Q

What was Elizabeth’s residence before becoming Queen?

A

Hatfield House

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33
Q

On what date did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

17th November 1558

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34
Q

What was the significant change in England’s religious status after Elizabeth’s coronation?

A

England became Protestant again.

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35
Q

When was Elizabeth’s coronation?

A

15th January 1559

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36
Q

What was the primary focus of Elizabeth’s public relations strategy?

A

Popularity

37
Q

How many languages could Elizabeth speak?

A

Five

38
Q

What themes were emphasized in Elizabeth’s portraits?

A
  • Majestic
  • Immortal
  • Youthful
  • Wise
  • Powerful
  • Virgin
39
Q

What was the annual tour around the south of England called?

A

Royal Progresses

40
Q

What was the main residence of Elizabeth in London?

A

Whitehall Palace

41
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A

Advisors in charge of day-to-day running of the country

42
Q

Name one of the six key men appointed to the Privy Council during Elizabeth’s reign.

A
  • William Cecil
  • Robert Dudley
  • Christopher Hatton
  • Robert Cecil
  • Sir Francis Walsingham
  • Robert Devereux
43
Q

True or False: Elizabeth frequently attended Privy Council meetings.

A

False

44
Q

In what year did Elizabeth catch smallpox?

A

1562

45
Q

What urgent matter prompted the Privy Council to meet in 1568?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots fled to England.

46
Q

What new class emerged during the Elizabethan Age?

A

Professionals

This class was part of the evolving Tudor society.

47
Q

How many echelons were there in Tudor society?

A

7

Each echelon had its own distinguishing features.

48
Q

What was the annual income of the Nobles and Lords?

A

£6000

They were great landowners.

49
Q

What percentage of cultivated land was owned by 50 families?

A

17%

These families were part of the nobility.

50
Q

What era is known for the remodeling of homes to showcase wealth?

A

The Great Rebuilding era

Elizabeth’s Royal Progresses fueled this movement.

51
Q

Name two notable houses from the Elizabethan Age.

A
  • Hardwick Hall
  • Longleat House

These houses exemplified the architectural style of the time.

52
Q

What architectural feature was common in noble houses?

A

The Long Gallery

This feature was used for entertainment, music, and games.

53
Q

What were common clothing items for fashionable noblemen?

A
  • Doublet
  • Ruff
  • Jerkin
  • Breeches
  • Leather shoes
  • Stockings
  • Cloak
  • Hat

Outfits were often completed with jewelry.

54
Q

What subjects were young noblemen tutored in?

A
  • French
  • Latin
  • Greek

Social etiquette and skills like hawking and fencing were also important.

55
Q

What was a fashionable noble lady’s typical outfit?

A
  • Petticoat (farthingale)
  • Gown
  • Stockings
  • Ruff
  • Wide sleeves
  • Bracelets
  • Brooches
  • Strings of pearls

Young ladies also learned household management.

56
Q

What did the Gentry and Yeoman classes aim to do?

A

Copy the lifestyles of the nobility

They did this on a smaller scale.

57
Q

What was the typical home of the Gentry like?

A
  • At least 5 rooms
  • Included servant quarters
  • Rented out large areas of land

Homes were remodeled with wider windows and glass.

58
Q

What subjects did sons of the Gentry study at grammar schools?

A
  • Greek
  • Latin

Many boys also pursued education at universities or Inns at Court.

59
Q

What term was used for wandering poor during the Elizabethan Age?

A

‘Sturdy beggars’

They were seen as a burden on society.

60
Q

What were some types of vagabonds?

A
  • Hooker
  • Dummerer
  • Counterfeit Crank

These types were differentiated by their methods of seeking a living.

61
Q

Describe a typical cottage of the poor.

A
  • One room
  • Shared with animals
  • Earth floor
  • Thatched roof
  • No glass windows

Few possessions were common, often just a table and bench.

62
Q

What was the primary meal for the poor?

A

Vegetable stew

Meat was considered too expensive.

63
Q

What was a common leisure activity for the poor?

A
  • Gambling
  • Playing cards
  • Visiting the local inn
  • Watching a strolling band
  • Fishing

Leisure options were limited due to financial constraints.

64
Q

What did the Elizabeth Poor Laws of 1601 recognize?

A

Poverty and vagrancy as national problems

This led to various acts aimed at addressing these issues.

65
Q

What was the purpose of the 1563 Statute of Artificers?

A

Compulsory 7-year apprenticeship for boys

This was part of the government’s effort to manage labor.

66
Q

What did the 1601 Act for Relief of the Poor aim to achieve?

A

Find work for able-bodied individuals and teach children a trade

This act was a significant step in addressing poverty.

67
Q

What year marks the beginning of the Elizabethan Age?

A

1558

68
Q

What year did the Elizabethan Age end?

A

1603

69
Q

What was the Elizabethan Age known as in relation to theatre?

A

The Golden Age for theatre

70
Q

What were strolling players perceived as by authorities?

A

Wandering vagabonds

71
Q

What did the 1572 law require for strolling players?

A

A license

72
Q

Name one of the theatre companies established during the Elizabethan Age.

A

The Queen’s Men or The Lord Chamberlain’s Men

73
Q

What was the first purpose-built theatre in London?

A

‘The Theatre’

74
Q

Who built ‘The Theatre’?

A

James Burbage

75
Q

In what year did ‘The Globe’ theatre open?

A

1599

76
Q

What was the primary opposition to theatre from the Puritans?

A

The sinfulness of the theatre

77
Q

What shape were most theatres during the Elizabethan Age?

A

Round or octagonal

78
Q

What feature protected actors from wet weather?

A

A roof

79
Q

What did the canopy above the stage represent?

A

Heaven

80
Q

What was the purpose of the flag or cannon fired before a play?

A

To inform passers-by that the play was about to begin

81
Q

What was the ticket price for the poor to stand in the central pit?

A

Cheap

82
Q

Who were the best actors of the Elizabethan Age?

A

Richard Burbage, Edward Alleyn, Thomas Pope

83
Q

How many plays did Shakespeare write at least?

A

37

84
Q

Which playwright was known for the tragedy style?

A

Christopher Marlowe

85
Q

What types of stories were popular in Elizabethan plays?

A

Gripping storylines, tales of heroism, good triumphing over evil

86
Q

What was one use of plays in terms of propaganda?

A

Alarum for London showed Catholic Spanish soldiers killing innocent Protestants

87
Q

What did authorities oppose about theatre?

A

Attracting beggars, pickpockets, and spreading diseases

88
Q

Fill in the blank: The Puritans considered theatre the work of the _______.

A

Devil

89
Q

True or False: Theatre was only popular among the upper classes during the Elizabethan Age.

A

False

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