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elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

when was lizzie crowned queen

A

1558

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2
Q

who were lizzies parents

A

henry viii and anne boleyn

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3
Q

who were lizzies siblings

A

mary - from henry and cathrine of arogen
edward - from henry and jane seymour

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4
Q

why was it not likely for lizzie to become queen

A

her sister and her brother both came before her in the line of succession
her birth had been made illegitimate after her mother was executed because the pope never consented to henrys first divorce to cathrine of arogen

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5
Q

what was a patronage

A

awarding tiles, money, monopolies and land to noblemen to encourage them to support her

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6
Q

who made up the royal court

A

it was run by the lord chamberlin and was located wherever the queen was. it was made up of servants , advisors , officials and nobles it was the centre of political power

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7
Q

who made up the privy council and what did it do

A

it was run by the secutary of sate and was in charge of the day to day running of the country. members were mostly nobilety who lizzie could chose and dismiss as she liked. she trusted them and didnt interfer on a daily basis.

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8
Q

who were the justice of the peace

A

in charge of maintaining order and enforcing the law

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9
Q

who made up parliament and what did they do

A

made up of the house of lords and the hpuse of common
they passed new laws but lizzie could chose when she wanted to call parliament and was free to ignore their advice
used them 13 times in 45 years

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10
Q

what was a progress

A

500 people travelled with the queen to noble estates in order to visit the ordinary people around the country.
nobles were given a 2 year warning in order to renovate their homes

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11
Q

who was william cecil

A

became secutary of state during edwards reign. heps lizzie to make england protestant
cecil becomes lord treasurer
advisor
helps to rule the country

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12
Q

who was Francis walsingham

A

secutary of state in 1572
protestant spy master who uncovered the babington plot
advisor
helped to rule the country

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13
Q

who was robert cecil

A

william cecils son gets a promotion when walsingham dies. not good at this job but lizzie likes him
clashes with robert devereux
advisor
helps to rule the counrty

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14
Q

who was robert dudley

A

knew lizzie since they were children
she made in earl of Leicester
the one man she ever loved, he proposed and she said no
he remarried twice
love interest
to marry
advisor

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15
Q

who was robert devereux

A

courtier and soldier famous for his charm
he proposed but he was 33 years younger than lizzie , she said no , he organised the essex rebellion and she had him killed
love interest
to marry
for pleasure

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16
Q

who was phillip of spain

A

king of spain , catholic , married to bloody mrry but propsed to lizzie
to marry

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17
Q

what problems did lizzie face when she became queen in 1558

A

SUCCESION - she had no heir and it was unclear who would succed her
FOREIGN POLICY - catholic counrties like spain and france had the support of the pope to overthrown lizzie
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTTS - with no heir mary was lizzies next in line to the trown but she was catholic and some people saw her as the rightful queen
IRELAND - lizzie considered herslef queen of ireland but she faced many revolts
TAXATION - country was short on money and lizzie had to raise taxes which was unpopular
RELIGION- catholics did not trust her as they did not agree with her parents marraige . puritanisum was a threat as they wanted to take control of lizzies church

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18
Q

for and against lizzies marraige

A

FOR
create alience with another counrty
produce an heir to continue the tutdor line
AGAINST
loss of authority
giving birth was risky
her experince of marraige was bad
she could use the possibilty of marraige to her advantage whilst dealing with foreign minister s

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19
Q

what were the problems with parliament

A

in 1566 lizzie angrily banned them from talking about her marriage situation
puritains in parliament tried to introduce new laws in their favour
the were unsuccesful in dealing with the poor untill 1601
they thought monopolies were unfair
parliament wanted mary queen of scots executed but izzie wasnt sure
MP wentworth was arrested 3 times whilst arguing for freedom of speach in parliament

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20
Q

causes of the essex rebelion

A

during an argument with the queen in court he almost drew his sword on her and he was arrested
he was sent to ireland to deal with the rebelion but instead he signed a truce
on his return he rushed into the queens bed chamber
as a result she refused to renew his wine monopoly

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21
Q

events of the essex rebelion

A

feb 1601 essex took 4 privy councilor hostage and marched with 200 supporter s to his house in london
reobert cecil labeled him a traitor and his supporter paniced and fled
essex was arrested

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22
Q

concequences of the essex rebelion

A

essex was put on trial of treason and sentenced to death
he named all teh other rebels involved including his sister
he was executed on the 25 feb 1601

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23
Q

causes of the northern rebelion

A

the northern earls wanted england to be catholic
they tried to get lizzie to mary the duke of norfolk
she summoned them to court so they decided to revolt

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24
Q

events of the northern rebelion

A

earls ordered workers to join the rebelion and march south
they stormed a cathedral in durham and held and illgeal mass
lizzie moved mary queen of scotts to a prison further south and sent 100 000 troops to the north
the earls hoped spain would help but they did not
their aim was to get lizzie to accept mary as her heir
the earls escaped to scottland but 450 were executed

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25
concequences of the northern rebelion
the spannish ambasador was expelled from england duke of norfolk was arrested and found guilty of treason he was killed in june 1572 mary was put in a high security prison
26
what year was the northern rebelion
1569
27
what year was the essex rebelion
1601
28
how did the gentry show off their wealth
changing their homes : no longer need for defence because england was politically stable and now showed off wealth with expensive glass windows great halls were replaced by long galleries more rooms so that servants were seperated from owners
29
who built hardwick hall and when
bess of hardwick ( shrewsberry) 1590-1597
30
key facts about actors and playwrites in the theatre
famous playwrites often released new work every year (shakespeare) actors were all male and would return to roles many times ( richard burbage) theatre companies were named after the people who funded them ( the lord chamberlins men )
31
how was the theatre seating aranged
it followed the great chain of being ordinary stood in the pit and were completly open to the weather gentlemens rooms were balconies around the side with seating the gallery was covered over for the rich people the lords room was the most expensive seats royal box
32
why was the theatre so popular
it was affordable it was new it was a social event it was entertaining it was relevent to the time period
33
why was there opposition to the theatre
puritins saw it as a distraction from prayer concerns that large gatherings would spread disease thought it was a dangerous place full of immoral behavior
34
reasons elizabethan era was was golden age
improvments in navigation and astronomy as well as better printing press to spead info quickly wealthy boys and some girls recieved education plays and poetry was popular and is still famous today great homes such as hardwick hall was built theatre was popular discovery of new land england became a major world power art and silverware became a sign of wealth
35
reasons it was not a golden age
blood sports were popular execution and torture was still used by the gov a small minority lived in luxuary life expectancy was low and medical treatment was ineffective
36
reasons for povety in elizabethan england
reformations under henry viii lead to closure of the monestries so church workers were left with no where to live and ill people had no where to go colapse in the cloth trade left people unemployed bad harvest between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and inflation enclosure was when landlords began to farm sheep because it needed less workers population increase ment landlords could increase rent ( rent racking) flu killed farm workers
37
how did people help the deserving poor
people recognnised it was their duty to help thos ebellow them in society charities to help the poor grew and almshouses were set up paupers could not help their situation and were not blamed
38
what did vagabonds do to scam people
counterfit cranks bit soap so that it went frothy at the mouth and people would feel sympathy and give them money baretop tricksters were women who would trick men by taking her clothes off and then rob them clapper dudgeons would cut himself and tie dirty bandages on his arms so people would give him money tom o'bedlam would pretend he was mad
39
how were beggars delt with before 1601
they were put into the stocks or sent back to their home towns beggars were publicly whipped if they were caught a second time they would have a hole burned into their ear the third time they were hanged
40
what did the poor law of 1601 do
it said : the wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care of the sick and vulnerable fit and healthy paupers should be given work those who refused work could be whipped or put in a house of correction
41
what are the three categories for poor people and what happened to them under the poor laws
helpless poor - given food and accomidation able bodied poor - had to work inexchange for food idle poor - punished and sent to house of correction
42
how succesful was the poor laws
begging decreased but that was due to the threat of the houses of correction they were not properly enforced in some areas
43
what did sir francis drake do
between 1577 and 1580 drake completed the first circumnavigation of the world in one expedition
43
what did sir francis drake do
between 1577 and 1580 drake completed the first circumnavigation of the world in one expedition
44
what happened on francis drakes expedition
leaves december 1577 responds to mutiny in july 1578 by killing thomas doughtly september 1578 - he is the first english man to sail through the straits of magellan sails up the coast raiding spannish ports june 1579 only drakes ship remains as he lands in northamerica and claims it for the queen march - june 1580 he navigates the cape of good hope returns to plymouth 26 september 1580 and is knighted
45
what did sir walter raleigh do
given a royal charter to explore the new world in 1584 and colonise any land not owned by a christian he was given 1/5 of all the gold and silver he found two colonies were set up but neither lasted
46
how was exploration made possible
better weapons made it easier to go into hostile territory ships were made a lot faster navigation was made easier through the use of astrolabe and accurate compasses
47
what the impacts of the voyages to the new world
john hawkins was a respected courtier ans salior who was responsible for building the navy and commanding the spannish armada in 1564 he kidnapped several hundered west africans and sold them in south america raiding spannish ships and ports allowed stolen riches to be returned to england trading systems were established and grew over the following centuraries bringiing ew products like silk , spices and porcilin to england the east indian trade company was set up in 1600 slave trade grew as more people saw how rich hawkins got victory in the spannish armada showed how strong the navy now was english colonies grew in north america
48
what were the catholic beliefs and practises
pope is head of the church bible and church service is in latin preists do not marry highly decorated churches bread and wine transforms into the body and blood jesus piests are ordinary people witha link to god
49
what were the protestant beliefs and practices
monarch is head of the church bible and service is in english plain churches bread and wine represents blood and body of jesus ordinary people connect with god via prayer
50
what do both catholics and protestants believe
god created the world jesus was gods son those who challenge faith must be punished
51
what was included in lizzies religious settlement
priests were allowed to marry services were in english and followed the common book of prayer catholics could worship in private moderate protestant mathew parker was names archbishop of cantebury
52
when was the religious settlement
1559
53
what was the act of supremecy
england became protestant elizabthen became supreme governor of the church of england bishops were given the job of running the church all clergy men had to swear an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth
54
what was the act of uniformity
new english protestant prayer book was put in every church services were in english and so was the bible bread and wine were taken but the meaning was left open some ornaments and decorations were allowed priest wore quite fine vestments and were allowed to marry everyone had to attend church on sunday or pay a 1 shilling fine
55
what happened in the Ridolfi plot
ridolfi tried to arrange the marraige of the duke of norfolk and MQS he gained support of the spannish and planned an assasination of the queen but incriminating letters were seizzed at dover norfolk was tried and hung
56
when was the ridolfi plot
1571
57
what happened in the babington plot
coded letters were discovered between babington and MQS offering to kill elizaeth and keep MQS informed. walsingham discovered the plot and mary was executed for high treason
58
when was the babington plot
1586
59
what happened in the throckmorton plot
throckmorton was a messenger between MQS , the spanish ambassador , french ambassador and catholic nobles. the aim was to over throw lizzie with an invasion by france and spain but throckmorton was discovered and admitted it . he was executed and mary was moved to tutbury castle
60
what year was the throckmorton plot
1583
61
what was the counter reformation
a plan by the catholics to send missionaries to england to convert protestants back to the old faith
62
who were the jesuits and what did they do
catholic missionaries sent to england in 1580 to convert protestants key jesuits : edmund campion robert parsons
63
when was elizabeth excommunicated from the catholic church
1570
64
how did elizabeth respond to the catholic threat
less tolerant to catholics she changed the religious policies 1571 - fines for catholics who didnt take part in protestant services increased 1581- fines increased and were strictly enforced 1585- priests ordained after 1559 were traitors and could be sentenced to death 1593- statute of confinement catholics could not travel 5 miles away from home without permition
65
what happened to jesuits
the act against jesuits and seminary priest in 1585 called for them to be driven out of england many were executed
66
who were puritains
strict protestants who were keen to remove all catholic elements from the english church they studied the bible wore plain clothing and had simple services
67
how did lizzie treat puritans
grindal encouraged puritanisum and was archbishop elizabeth suspended him john feild a strict puritan was banned from preaching in 1580
68
who were some powerful puritans
walsingham robert dudley
69
why were rules against puritans changed
grindal died in 1583 and was replaced by whitgift who was anti puritan dudley died in 1588 walsingham died in 1590
70
what new rules were put in to crack down on puritanisum
banning unlicensed preaching and forces church attendance with fines high commission could fine or in prison people who did not comply dissmissal of hundereds of clergy men crack down on high profile puritans
71
why did plots against elizabeth fail
spies people didnt trust alternative monarchs punishment religious settlement
72
who was mary queen of scotts
lizzies cousin catholic became queen in 1942 only 8 days old married heir to french throne in 1558 she was heir to english throne because lizzie had no kids when her husband died she returned to scottland but was unpopular fled to england in 1567 after being accused of her husbands murder her son was crowned king
73
why was mary a threat
she was younger she was pretty she was catholic
74
when was marys sentence
25 oct 1586
75
why was lizzie reluctant to sign marys death warrant
she feared that other monarchs or her son could want revenge she was worried about the reaction of other catholic powers
76
when was mary executed
8 feb 1587
77
what were the impacts of marys death
catholics no longer had a clear alternative monarch as james was a protestant many saw mary as a martyr to her faith and elizabeth as a wicked heretic there was not action from france and spain and james accepted lizzies apology
78
reasons for conflict with spain
phillip of spain had been married to bloody mary and propossed to lizzie but she said no papal bull excommunicated the queen and spain was catholic drake and other sailors had stolen from spannish ships lizzie supported a protestant uprising in the netherlands in 1566 and in 1585 she sent dudly an 7000 soldiers
79
what was phillips plan for the spanish armada
1588 151 ships , 7000 sailors and 34000 soldiers would sail to the netherlands in a cresent formation to collect more men before arriving in england the ships were full of weapons for a land battle
80
how did the english ruin phillips plan
6 aug armada anchored of the dutch coast they were delayed waiting for soldiers drake sent 8 fireships into the spanish fleet on the 7 aug and the armada went into chaos
81
what happened in the battle of gravelines
8 aug 1588 english ships shot at the spanish badly damaging them spanish comander tried to lead his ships home but the english gave chase
82
how did the storm affect the armada
it blew it off course the ran out of food and their water was polluted , many ships were wrecked and any sailors who made it to shore were killed only 65 ships returned to spain
83
what were the concequences of the spainish armada
england proved itself as a naval power many catholics swore their loyalty to the queen making her even more respected
84
why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive wealth
wealth : paid for 30 extra armed guards he provided for 40 of marys staff she ate up to 16 dishes every meal it cost £3000 a year to feed her court he was given £2700 a year then £1560 then nothing by lizzie
85
why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive social rank
nobleman member of royal court earl marchall for england - incharge of justice his wife was bess of hardwick - second richest women in england
86
why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive religion
moderate protestant family with more catholic views so mary would feel more welcome
87
what were george talbots attitudes to his responsiblities
hesitant at first but dudly and cecil convinced him it lasted 15 years a nd drained his money , marriage and health it kept him away from court - he only attended 1 in 15 years he was able to develop his states and economic interests
88
why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive location
he owned many estates around sheffield they were away from the privy council in london away from nothern earls and scottland away from spainish and french invasions at the coats sheffiled manor lodge was on a hill so it had a good vantage point tp see anyone approaching
89
what were the personal concequences of keeping mary captive
it was rumored they were having an affair it was hard to treat her as a criminal it lead to the break down of his marriage employing more guards offended mary and their relationship was quite tense
90
evidence mary was kept like a criminal
after the Ridolfi plot in 1971 her court reduced from 41 to 15 she also had to give an hours notice before she could leave a room closely guarded by 40 guards she was only allowed out in the grounds with an armed escort
91
evidence mary was kept like a queen
she had a royal court of over 40 people made up of a doctor , food taster and cook she ate 16 courses 4 times a day she ate with the state cloth behind her , usually hung behind a throne her rooms were decorated with gold and expensive carpets she did needle work with bess and had many pets
92
when was MQS moved to sheffiled manor lodge
1570-1984

gcse history (4 decks)

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