Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N110 Exam #3 > Elimination: Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Elimination: Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus

A
  • Peristalsis

* Mediastinal location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stomach

A
  • Upper left quadrant
  • Stores food
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Pyloric sphincter connects small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Small Intestine

A
  • Largest segment of GI tract
  • Secrets/absorbs nutrients
  • Duodenum (proximal), Jejunum (middle), Ileum (distal)
  • Ileocecal valve/sphincter control flow of food to large intestine/prevent back flow of bacteria
  • Common tile duct empties into duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Ascending (right), Transverse (right to left), Descending (left)
  • Terminal portion= sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary Functions of GI Tract

A
  • Breakdown
  • Absorption
  • Elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chewing/Swallowing Function

A
  • Breaks down food (mastication [mechanical])
  • Digestive enzymes
  • Epiglottis covers trachea to prevent aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gastic Function

A
  • Digestive enzymes breakdown food and destroy ingested bacteria
  • Chyme= partially digested food mixed with secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Small Intestine Function

A
  • Starting at jejunum, absorption is main function

* Digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, bile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Large Intestine

A
  • Bacteria helps breakdown food

* Slow peristalsis allows for REABSORPTION of WATER and ELECTROLYTES as main function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Waste Removal

A
  • Feces= food, bacteria, water, inorganic substances

* Elimination begins with distention of rectum, contractions of rectum, relaxation of internal anal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Diet↑↓

A

• Constipation from refined foods (no bulk/fiber)
• Lack of bulk= less pressure= ↓ peristalsis
*Longer food sits in colon–> harder/drier stool
• Irregular eating patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Fluid

A
  • 1500-2000 ml/day for normal bowel movements

* ↓ fluid intake= harder/drier stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Exercise

A

• Promotes peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Stress

A

• Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Lifestyle

A

• Postponing, embarrassed, change in environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors Affecting Defecation: Medications

A

• Diarrhea (antibiotics), constipation (opioids)

17
Q

Abdominal Assessment

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Auscultation
  3. Percussion
  4. Palpation
18
Q

Contraindications for Physical Exam (percussion/palpation specifically)

A
  • Appendicitis
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
  • Tumors
19
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Contour

A
  • Uvula= smooth

* Hard palate= dome-shaped, firm

20
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Color

A
  • Red/smooth/beefy= Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
  • Hard palate: white
  • Soft palate: pink
21
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Texture

A
  • Oral Mucosa: smooth, shiny, no cracks

* Tongue: rough from papillae

22
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Growths

A

• Note any white, ulcerations, masses, nodes

23
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Teeth

A
  • Dentures, partial, own teeth
  • Location, size, how many missing
  • Gums: color, retraction, bleeding, swelling
24
Q

Physical Assessment of Oral Cavity: Gag Reflex

A
  • Stimulate gently

* Tests cranial nerves IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

25
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Inspection

A

• Empty bladder, supine position, arms at side, knees slightly flexed, drape, curtains

26
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Inspection: Shape

A
  • Flat: WD/WN; young, athletes, thin adults
  • Slighting Rounded: slightly convexity; young children
  • Protuberance: increased convexity from fat, less muscle tone, pregnancy; more than young child
  • Scaphoid: lean people
  • Distended: Fat, Flatus, Feces, Fatal growth, Fluid, Fetus
27
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Inspection: Other Characteristics

A
  • Symmetry: asymmetry could mean obstruction, hernia, tumor, spinal curvature
  • Visible Peristalsis: strong contractions= obstruction
  • Scars
  • Masses: hernia, tumor, cyst, severe constipation
28
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Auscultation

A
  • Location, character, frequency of bowel sounds
  • Vascular sounds (bruits)
  • Listen to all 4 quadrants, diaphragm of stethoscope pressed lightly
29
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Auscultation: Frequency

A
  • Normal: 4-12/minute
  • Hyperactive: >5-10 in 30 seconds or less
  • Hypoactive: 1-2 in 2 minutes
  • Must listen for FIVE minutes before documenting absent bowel sounds
30
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Auscultation: Characteristics↑↓

A

• Normal: bubbling, soft
• Hyperactive: loud, gurgling
• Obstruction: “rushing,” tinkering, high-pitched
• Borborygmi: ↑ frequency/intensity
• Absent/Hypoactive: post surgery
*can take up to 72 hours for sounds to return
*BEST assessment is to ask about passed gas
• Bell of stethoscope for bruits (aortic, femoral, iliac, renal arteries)

31
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Percussion

A
  • Size/density
  • Tympanic: hollow, drum like; gaseous distention
  • Tympani is NORMAL (air in stomach/SI)
  • Dullness: solid
32
Q

Abdominal Assessment: Palpation

A
  • Pain

* Rebound Tenderness: press at 90 degree angle away from tender area; tenderness felt on release

33
Q

Assessment of Feces: Pattern

A

• Frequency
• Time
*Baseline

34
Q

Assessment of Feces: Color

A
  • Brown= normal
  • Green/Orange= infection, malabsorption
  • Red= tarry/blood
  • Clay= barium, bile
  • Foods
35
Q

Assessment of Feces: Consistency and Shape

A
  • Normal= soft and formed

* Abnormal= ribbon-like (obstruction, mass); pellets (constipation)

36
Q

Assessment of Feces: Odor

A
  • Foods

* Blood

37
Q

Assessment of Feces: Abnormal Constituents

A

• Blood, pus, excess mucus/fat, parasites

38
Q

Diagnostic Tests for GI System

A
  • Abdominal Xray

* Stool: occult blood (OB; Guaiac test), parasites, cultures

N110 Exam #3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions