Elimination Drugs Flashcards
antispasmodics
oxybutynin
- treats overractive bladder
- relaxes smooth muscles of bladder
Adverse effects: dizziness, insomnia, nervousness, drowsiness, palpitations, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, swelling of throat and tongue
analgesics
- PP: UTI
phenzopyridine
- used for pain associated w/ UTIs
- Azo dye that acts as topical analgesic
Adverse Effects: headache, orange urine
Toxicity: renal failure, methemoglobinemia (blood oxygen delivery), skin pigmentation, hemolytic anemia
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
doxazosin, finasteride
- indicated for obstruction in prostate due to BPH
- Doxazosin: relaxes smooth muscle of neck of bladder and prostate
- Finasteride: increases testosterone levels
Adverse effects: dizziness, headache, vertigo, palpitations, hypotension, dry mouth, erectile dysfunction, abnormal vision, gynecomastia, increased chance of prostate cancer (finasteride)
Chemical stimulant laxative
- bicycle
bisacodyl
- Treats: constipation or bowel movement
- stimulant laxative; works at beginning of small intestine and increases motility through GI tract by irritating nerve plexus
adverse effects: dizziness, abdominal cramps, laxative dependence, hypokalemia
- take w/ full glass of water
- don’t take within 1 hour of antacid or H2 blocker
bulk stimulant laxative
psyllium
- Treats: constipation
- increase motility by increasing size of fecal material; increases fluid in GI tract; causes more stretch on GI tract which stimulates local stretch receptors; activate local GI activity
Adverse Effect: diarrhea
lubricant laxative
docusate
- Treats: constipation
- pulls fluids into stool to make it softer and easier to pass
Adverse effects: bitter taste, mild abdominal cramping, laxative dependence
- patient should not use for longer than 1 week
osmotic laxative
magnesium citrate
- Treats: constipation
- draws water into GI tract to stimulate motility
Adverse effect: abdominal cramping, laxative dependence
- oral route may have bitter taste; chill before taking
- patient should not use for longer than 1 week
antidiarrheals
loperamide
- slows the motility of GI tract through direct action on lining of GI tract
Adverse Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, abdominal cramping, dry mouth
- Patient should stay hydrated
Antivertigo
meclizene
- Treats: nausea
- Meclizine: Non-selective H1 antagonist; central anticholinergic actions
Adverse effects: drowsiness, hallucinations, nervousness, hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary frequency/retention, avoid alcohol/operating heavy machinery
- Do not take with SSRI/SSNRIs (serotonin syndrome)
Antiemetic
ondansetron
- Treats: nausea
- Ondansetron: serotonin receptor antagonists; blocks the action of serotonin that causes nausea, vomiting
Adverse Effects: dizziness, sedation, headache, agitation, cardiac arrhythmias, urinary retention
- Do not take with SSRI/SSNRIs (serotonin syndrome)
histamine-2 antagonists (Antiulcer)
cimetidine, famotidine
- Treats: Gastroesophageal Reflux disease, Peptic Ulcer disease
- inhibits action of histamine on H2 receptor sites (increase stomach acid secretion); decrease gastric acid secretions
Adverse effects: confusion, dizziness, hallucinations, headache, erectile dysfunction, arthralgia, muscle pain, gynecomastia if used long-term
proton pump inhibitor
omeprazole, pantoprazole
- Treats: Gastroesophageal Reflux disease, peptic Ulcer disease
- suppresses secretion of hydrochloric acid into lumen of stomach
Adverse effects: anxiety, headache, dizziness, edema, abdominal pain, flatulence, urinary frequency, hyperglycemia, myalgia (muscle pain)
- Warfarin may increase bleeding
