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NUR 170 EXAM 3 CARDS > Elimination > Flashcards

Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics

A

Given for infection (UTI)

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2
Q

Diuretics

A

Increases fluid excretion and prevents fluid reabsorption

Types: Loop, thiazide, potassium-sparing
Drug examples: bumetanide, furosemide, chlorothiazide, metolazone, spironolactone

MONITOR hydration and electrolyte balance
MONITOR vital signs; look for signs of hypotension
MONITOR serum BUN, creatinine, electrolyte values
Patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics should avoid salt substitutes

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3
Q

Cholinergics

A

Stimulate bladder contractions to facilitate voiding

Drug examples: bethanechol chloride

DO NOT ADMINISTER to patients with GI or urinary tract obstructions, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, or Parkinson disease

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4
Q

Types of Bladder Incontinence

A

Stress
Urge
Retention
Function

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5
Q

Types of Bowel Incontinence

A

Constipation
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Impaction

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6
Q

Abdominal Assessment Steps

A 
#1 -- Inspect/Observe
#2 -- Auscultate
#3 -- Percussion
#4 -- Palpation
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7
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Reduces urgency and frequency by blocking receptors in detrusor muscle by inhibiting contractions and increase storage of urine

Drug examples: Oxybutynin, tolterodine, darifenacin, solifenacin, trospium, fesoterodine

CONTRAINDICATED in patients with urinary retention, GI motility problems, or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma

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8
Q

Normal Urine Characteristics

A
  • Color: light straw to amber yellow
  • Appearance: Clear
  • Odor: faint, aromatic
  • Sterility: No microorganisms
  • pH: 4.5-8
  • Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.030
  • Protein: 2-8 mg/dL
  • Glucose: not present
  • Ketones: not present
  • RBCs: none
  • WBCs: 3-4 per low-power field
  • Casts: occasional hyaline
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9
Q

Polyuria

A

Production of abnormally large amounts of urine

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10
Q

Anuria

A

Absence of urine production

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11
Q

Oliguria

A

Scant urine output, usually less than 500 mL/day

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12
Q

Nocturia

A

Number of times the patient gets out of bed to void during the night

Example: nocturia x4

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13
Q

Urgency

A

Sudden strong desire to void

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14
Q

Dysuria

A

Voiding that is painful or difficult

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15
Q

Residual Urine

A

Urine that remains in the bladder after voiding; incomplete emptying

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16
Q

Glycosuria

A

Excretion of carbohydrates into the urine

17
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis

A

Bed-wetting; involuntary passage of urine during sleep

18
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary passing of urine when control should be established

19
Q

Factors Affecting Urinary Elimination

A 
Fluid and Food Intake
Muscle Tone (detrusor muscle)
Psychosocial Factors
Pathological Conditions
Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures
Medications
20
Q

Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination

A 
Diet
Fluid
Activity
Defecation Habits
Medications
Diagnostic Procedures
Anesthesia and Surgical Procedures
Pathological Conditions
Pain
Psychological Factors
21
Q

Laxatives

A

Medications that stimulate bowel activity and promote fecal elimination

22
Q

Gastrocolic Reflex

A

Increased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach

23
Q

Diarrhea

A

Passage of liquid feces with increased frequency, results from rapid movement of fecal contents through the large intestine

24
Q

Constipation

A

Characterized by the passage of fewer than 3 bowel movements per week or by difficulty in passing stools

25
Q

Bowel Incontinence

A

Inability to voluntarily control the passage of fecal contents and intestinal gas through anal sphincter

26
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

Mass or collection of hardened feces in the folds of the rectum

27
Q

Saline Laxatives

A

Draw water into the colon for easier passage of stool

28
Q

Enemas

A

Liquid saline or medicine is inserted into the rectum to draw water into the colon and promote bowel movement

29
Q

Lubricants

A

Grease the stool, allowing it to move through the intestine more quickly

30
Q

Stool Softeners

A

Moisten the stool and help prevent dehydration

31
Q

Osmotics

A

Increase amount of water in intestines to soften stool

32
Q

Stimulants

A

Cause rhythmic muscle contractions in the intestines

33
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy (BM)

A

Education
Behavior Management and Bowel Training
Biofeedback
Manual Removal of Stool

34
Q

Promote Regular Defecation

A 
Privacy
Timing
Nutrition and Fluids
Regular Exercise
Positioning
35
Q

Elimination

A

Refers to secretion and excretion of physiological waste products by the kidneys and intestines

36
Q

Average Daily Urine Output

A

1,500 mL

NUR 170 EXAM 3 CARDS (1 decks)

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