Elimination

Question 1

refers to the irreversible removal of drug from the body by all routes of elimination.

Answer 1

Drug Elimination

Question 2

Drug elimination is usually divided into two major components

Answer 2

Metabolism and Excretion?

Question 3

2 major elimination organ of the body

Answer 3

Liver
Kidney

Question 4

2 major elimination organ of the body

Answer 4

Liver
Kidney

Question 5

(Renal drug excretion) Elimination of drugs via the kidneys into urine involves the processes of (3)

Answer 5

Glomerular filtration
Active tubular secretion
Passive tubular reabsorption

Question 6

is a unidirectional process that occurs for most small molecules (MW < 500), including undissociated (nonionized) and dissociated (ionized) drugs.

Answer 6

Glomerular Filtration

Question 7

In Glomerular filtration,
It do not get filtered

Answer 7

Protein bound

Question 8

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
And
Creatinine Clearance of <90 mL/min

Answer 8

stage 1

Question 9

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
And
Creatinine Clearance of 60 –89 mL/min

Answer 9

Stage 2

Question 10

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
And
Creatinine Clearance of 60 –89 mL/min

Answer 10

Stage 2

Question 11

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney damage with moderate decrease in GFR
And
Creatinine Clearance of 30 –59 mL/min

Answer 11

Stage 3

Question 12

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney damage with severe decrease in GFR
And
Creatinine Clearance of 15 –29 mL/min

Answer 12

Stage 4

Question 13

In what Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease:

Kidney failure
And
Creatinine Clearance of <15 mL/min

Answer 13

Stage 5

Question 14

a carrier-mediated system that requires energy input, because the drug is transported against a concentration gradient.

Answer 14

Active tubular secretion

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption occurs after the drug is filtered through the glomerulus and can be an active or a passive process involving transporting back into the plasma.

Answer 15

Distal tubular reabsorption

Question 16

• Weak acid → basic pH
→ ionized →
promote excretion
• Weak base → acid pH → ionized →
promote excretion

Answer 16

Ion trapping

Question 17

Role of Drug Metabolism

Answer 17

Drugs are modified primarily in the liver into more polar substances via phase I and phase II reactions (described above). The polar or ionized conjugates are unable to back diffuse out of the kidney lumen

Question 18

Drugs that are excreted mainly in the bile have molecular weights in excess of_____
Ex:(5)

Answer 18

500

digitalis glycosides
bile salts
cholesterols
steroids
indomethacin

Question 19

Drugs with molecular weights between 300 and 500 are excreted in (2)

Answer 19

urine
bile

Question 20

Excretion of drugs:

Answer 20

Urine
Bile
Sweat
Saliva
Milk
Expired air – volatile drugs/anesthetics

Question 21

is a pharmacokinetic term for describing drug elimination from the body without identifying the mechanism of the process.

Answer 21

Drug Clearance