Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nurs 216 > elimination > Flashcards

elimination Flashcards

1
Q

what is elimination

A

excretion of waste products. Passage of stool through the intestinal tract & dispelling by intestinal smooth muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

h2 receptor antagonist function & suffix

A

h2 receptor found on parietal cells, receptors blocked and hcl production decreased
-dine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ranitidine

A

zantac, crosses BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cimitidine

A

tegamet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

famotidine

A

pepcid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PPI

A

bind to H+ K+ ATPase to inhibit proton pumps, decreasing HCL secretion
more efficacy than H2 receptor blockers, longer half-life than H2 receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

omeprazole

A

losec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

iansoprazole

A

prevacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pantoprazole

A

pantaloc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antacids

A

alkaline agents which increase stomach PH

only use 2 hrs post/pre other PO meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aluminum hydroxide and s/e

A

amphojel

s/e: constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Magnesium hydroxide & s/e

A

milk of magnesium

s/e: diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

tums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

small intestine fx & parts

A

fx: absorption of nutrients
parts: duodenum, jejunum, ileum (longest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large intestine fx & parts

A

fx: reabsorption of water
parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protein absorption

A

happens in stomach and pancreas by gastric pepsin and pancreatic enzymes. creates amino acid chains (peptides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carbohydrate absorption

A

by amylase (mouth), pancreatic enzymes (pancreas), and brush border enzymes (small intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fat absorption

A

by lingual lipase (mouth), bile (gall bladder), pancreatic lipase (pancreas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diarrhea definition & causes

A

excessively frequent passage of loose or unformed stool
can be caused by: infectious organisms, food intolerances, intestinal disease, drugs
increased transition time, is a symptom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

diarrhea complications

A

electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute diarrhea types

A

inflammatory & non-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inflammatory diarrhea types

A

infectious & fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

infectious inflammatory diarrhea

A

caused by pathogenic invasion of intestinal cells, mostly affect colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fever inflammatory diarrhea

A

causes urgency and tenesmus, left lower quadrant pain, can cause dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
non-inflammatory
watery stools, disruption of normal absorption secretory process. periumbilical cramps, bloating, nausea & vomiting can cause dehydration
26
travelers diarrhea | tx
infectious inflammatory diarrhea | must treat infection first (ciprofloxacin) & manage diarrhea symptoms as needed
27
ciprofloxacin (PO) - bioavailability, site of action, metabolism, excretion
70% bioavailable, binds directly to bacteria in GI, phase 1 metabolism produces active metabolites (less potent than drug) & cyp inhibition slowing metabolism, renal and some biliary excretion
28
is C.difficile gram + or -
gram +
29
C.difficile virulence factors
multiplies quickly, produces spores (must wash hands, not sanitize), release enterotoxin and cytotoxin
30
C.difficile how it affects body
destroys intestinal lining
31
C.difficile s&s
severe diarrhea, blood-pus in stool, fever, abdominal pain
32
C.difficile causes
nosocomial, long-term antibiotic tx, common in elderly
33
C.difficile tx
1st line- flagyl (PO) | 2nd line- vancomycin (PO)
34
probiotics
good bacteria in your body that restores and protects normal flora
35
lactobacillus acidophilus fx
- a probiotic | - destroys other bacteria by secreting toxic hydrogen peroxide, protects & restores normal flora
36
best choice probiotics
- BioK plus | - foods like yogurt
37
antidiarrheals
combination of opioid + atropine
38
how do opioids affect diarrhea | s/e
drugs bind to MU2 receptor in GI, decreasing peristalsis causing constipation -s/e: CNS depression
39
atropine
antimuscarinic- blocks parasympathetic system, stimulates sympathetic drive
40
antidiarrheal meds
- dyphenoxylate | - loperamide HCL
41
dyphenoxylate
dypehnoxylate + atropine | brand name is lomotil
42
loperamide HCL
meperidine (demerol) + atropine | brand name is imodium
43
rehydration in hospital
isotonic IV solution. check serum sodium & sodium electrolytes
44
rehydration at home
``` rehydration solutions (gastrolyte, pedialyte) or mixture of 1 L water + 80 mL glucose + 7 mL salt ```
45
chronic diarrhea
associated w. chronic GI diseases (IBD, IBS, malabsorption syndrome, endocrine disorders, radiation colitis
46
osmotic diarrhea
happens when water is pulled into bowel by hyperosmotic contents & colon is unable to absorb excess fluid
47
secretory diarrhea
happens when cells lining the intestine secrete more fluid than they absorb
48
IBS diarrhea s&s
abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea/constipation
49
IBS diarrhea pathophysiology | triggers
CNS dysregulation of normal motility, | -stress, diet, menstruation, food intolerances
50
constipation transition time
slow
51
constipation dietary causes
due to fibre intake and decreased water
52
constipation peristalsis causes
due to alterations in peristalsis or intestinal innervation impacting colonic motor function
53
hirschsprung disease
occurs when parasympathetic ganglion in intestinal walls don't develop before birth, affecting colonic motor function
54
constipation tx
laxatives
55
5 types of laxatives
bulk-forming, softeners, saline & osmotics, stimulants, & miscellaneous
56
bulk-forming
pull water and add bulk into stool
57
psyllium (metamucil) moa, onset, use
fiber pulls water and adds bulk to stool, 1-3 days onset, used in nursing homes
58
softeners
pulls water and fat into stool
59
docusate sodium (colace) fx, uses
promotes good renal function for excretion & decreased straining post MI and post surgery
60
saline & osmotic | onset
pull water into stool | potent, 1-3 hr onset
61
milk of magnesium
saline & osmotic laxative, pulls water into stool, renally excreted
62
lactulose | moa
doesn't cure problem, improves mental state | decreases ammonia in blood
63
stimulants
increase peristalsis NOT FIRST CHOICE
64
miscellaneous
adjunct tx w/ constipation
65
cathartic
enema
66
enema | s/e
expansion of bowel, easy evacuation. water & electrolyte combination s/e can effect host flora so not used often.
67
bloating | tx & ex
gas | tx: enzymes to increase carbohydrate digestion (gasex)
68
vomiting pathophysiology
vomiting centre in medulla ( outside BBB) stimulated by abdominal muscles, GI tract, or ingested toxins, vestibular stimulants (equilibrium)
69
reasons for N & V | tx
overeating, infection, medication, emotions & smells, pain | tx is specific to the trigger causing it
70
N&V stimulus: motion induced (1) target MOA Meds
target: H1 receptor (antagonist) MOA: reduce vestibular excitiation Meds: Dimenhyrdrinate (gravol), diclectin, ginger gravol
71
Dimenhydrinate
gravol. used for motion induced nausea, reduces vestibular excitation
72
ginger gravol | s/e
used for motion induced nausea. decreases peristalsis in intestines s/e: OD can cause bleeding, CNS depression
73
N&V stimulus: motion induced (2) target MOA Meds
target: antimuscarinic anticholinergics MOA: reduce vestibular excitation Meds: scopolamine
74
scopolamine
used for motion induced nausea. binds to receptors in parasympathetic NS and sometimes H1 receptors. given transdermal, PO or IV
75
N&V stimulus: GI pain target MOA Med class & ex
targets: D2 receptor (antagonists) MOA: increases GI motility (increase stomach empyting) med class: phenothiazines ex: metoclopramide, prochlorperazine
76
N&V stimulus: drug induced & chemo tx; visceral pain target Meds MOA
target: 5HT3 serotonin (antagonist) Meds: ondansetron MOA: blocks serotonin so stops vomiting and nausea
77
metoclopramide
used for GI pain nausea. binds to D2 receptor and antagonizes causing increased GI motility
78
prochlorperazine | s/e
used for GI pain nausea. binds to D2 receptors in brain increasing GI motility s/e: sedation
79
ondansetron
used for drug induced or chemotherapy induced nausea. drug binds to 5HT3 serotonin receptors blocking serotonin from binding and promoting nausea
80
dronabinol
used for nausea caused by chemotherapy of chronic diseases. binds to receptor which stimulates GABA (makes action potential hard)
81
nabilone
more potent than dronabinol

Nurs 216 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions