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BIOSCI 107 Pt1 > Eleven systems of the human body > Flashcards

Eleven systems of the human body Flashcards

1
Q

Name the eleven systems

A

Muscular, Urinary, Reproduction, Digestive, Endocrine, Respiratory, Skeletal, Lymphatic and Immune, Integumentary, Nervous, Cardiovascular

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2
Q

Name the MUSCULAR components

A

Skeletal muscles, Axial muscles, Appendicular muscles, Tendon and aponeurosis

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3
Q

Name the URINARY components

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

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4
Q

Name the REPRODUCTION components

A

Male: Testes, Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Seminal glands, Prostate glands, Urethra, Penis, Scrotum

Female: Ovaries, Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina and external genitalia, Mammary glands

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5
Q

Name the DIGESTIVE components

A

Oral cavity (mouth), Salivary glands, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large Intestine, Anus

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6
Q

Name the ENDOCRINE components

A

Pineal gland, Hypothalamus/pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland, Thymus, Adrenal gland, Kidneys, Pancreas, Gonads

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7
Q

Name the RESPIRATORY components

A

Nasal cavity and Paranasal sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs

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8
Q

Name the SKELETAL components

A

Bones, cartilage and joints, Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton, Bone, Bone marrow

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9
Q

Name the LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE components

A

Lymphatic vessels, Lymphatic fluid, B & T cells, Lymph nodes (including tonsils), Spleen (similar functions to large lymph nodes), Thymus

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10
Q

Name the INTEGUMENTARY components

A

Cutaneous membrane (skin), Hair follicles, Sweat glands, Nails, Sensory receptors, Hypodermis

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11
Q

Name the NERVOUS components

A

CNS (central nervous system), Brain, Spinal cord, Special senses, PNS (peripheral nervous system)

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12
Q

Name the CARDIOVASCULAR components

A

Heart, Blood vessels, Blood

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13
Q

System and function of Skeletal muscles

A

MUSCULAR

Provides skeletal movement. 
Controls entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems.
Produces heat
Support skeleton
Protects soft tissues
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14
Q

System and function of Axial muscle

A

MUSCULAR

Provides support and positioning of the axial skeleton

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15
Q

System and function of Appendicular muscles

A

MUSCULAR

Support, move and brace limbs

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16
Q

System and function of Tendon and aponeurosis

A

MUSCULAR

Translate contractile forces into tasks
Tendon: Muscle to bone connection
Aponeurosis: Most often muscle to muscle connection

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17
Q

System and function of Kidneys

A

URINARY

Form and concentrate urine
Regulates ph and ions
Blood volume and blood pressure

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18
Q

System and function of Ureters

A

URINARY

Conduct urine to bladder

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19
Q

System and function of Bladder

A

URINARY

Stores urine prior to elimination

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20
Q

System and function of Urethra

A

URINARY

Conducts urine to exterior

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21
Q

System and function of Testes

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Produces sperm
Produces hormones

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22
Q

System and function of Epididymis

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Sperm maturation

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23
Q

System and function of Ductus deferens

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Sperm from epididymis

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24
Q

System and function of Seminal glands

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Seminal fluid

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25
Q

System and function of Prostate glands

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Seminal fluid

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26
Q

System and function of Urethra

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Sperm to exterior

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27
Q

System and function of Penis

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Reproduction and thermal control

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28
Q

System and function of Scrotum

A

REPRODUCTIVE - MALE

Pouch of skin containing testes

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29
Q

System and function of Ovaries

A

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

Oocytes
Hormones

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30
Q

System and function of Uterine tubes

A

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

Delivery of oocyte
Location of fertilization

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31
Q

System and function of Uterus

A

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

Embryonic development

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32
Q

System and function of Vagina and external genitalia

A

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

Lubrication
Sperm reception
Birth canal

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33
Q

System and function of Mammary glands

A

REPRODUCTIVE - FEMALE

Nutrition for newborn

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34
Q

System and function of Oral cavity (mouth)

A

DIGESTIVE

Breaks up food using teeth and tongue

35
Q

System and function of Salivary glands

A

DIGESTIVE

Buffers and lubricant
Enzymes begin digestion

36
Q

System and function of Pharynx

A

DIGESTIVE

Solid food & liquid to oesophagous
Chamber shared with respiratory system

37
Q

System and function of Oesophagus

A

DIGESTIVE

Delivers food to stomach

38
Q

System and function of Stomach

A

DIGESTIVE

Hormones stimulates the release of enzymes and acids
Secretes acid and enzymes that digest the food

39
Q

System and function of Small intestine

A

DIGESTIVE

Digestive enzymes
Buffers and hormones
Absorb nutrients (most are absorbed here)

40
Q

System and function of Liver

A

DIGESTIVE

Secretes bile
Regulates nutrients in blood

41
Q

System and function of Gallbladder

A

DIGESTIVE

Concentrates bile; helps breakdown and absorb fat from food.

42
Q

System and function of Pancreas

A

DIGESTIVE

Digestive enzymes
Buffers acidic gastric juice
Endocrine cells (islets); synthesizes and secretes hormones.

43
Q

System and function of Large Intestine

A

DIGESTIVE

Water absorption/removal

44
Q

System and function of Anus

A

DIGESTIVE

Waste storage and removal

45
Q

System and function of Pineal gland

A

ENDOCRINE

Day/Night rhythms

46
Q

System and function of Hypothalamus/pituitary gland

A

ENDOCRINE

Controls other endocrine glands
Regulates growth
Fluid balance

47
Q

System and function of Thyroid gland

A

ENDOCRINE

Metabolic rate; kept under control using thyroid hormone
Controls calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood; using calcitonin (hormone)

48
Q

System and function of Parathyroid gland

A

ENDOCRINE

Regulates concentration of calcium ions

49
Q

System and function of Thymus

A

ENDOCRINE

Maturation of lymphocytes (white blood cells crucial to immune system)
T cell ; developed in thymus gland
B cell ; matured in bone marrow
Natural killer cells

50
Q

System and function of Adrenal gland

A

ENDOCRINE

Water & mineral balance (sodium conservation)
Tissue metabolism (cortisol (steroid))
Cardiovascular and respiratory function (adrenaline)
51
Q

System and function of Kidneys

A

ENDOCRINE

Red blood cell production
Regulation of blood pressure
Calcium levels

52
Q

System and function of Pancreas

A

ENDOCRINE

Glucose control

53
Q

System and function of Gonads

A

ENDOCRINE

Sexual characteristics and reproduction

54
Q

System and function of Nasal cavity and Paranasal sinuses

A

RESPIRATORY

Filters, warms and humidifies air
Detect smells

55
Q

System and function of Pharynx

A

RESPIRATORY

Transfers air to lungs

56
Q

System and function of Larynx

A

RESPIRATORY

Protects the opening to the trachea
Controls vocal cords for vocalisation

57
Q

System and function of Trachea

A

RESPIRATORY

Conducts air
Cartilage keeps it open

58
Q

System and function of Bronchi

A

RESPIRATORY

Conducts air between trachea and lungs

59
Q

System and function of Lungs

A

RESPIRATORY

Air movement
Gas exchange of O2 and CO2 in alveoli
Acid-base control

60
Q

System and function of Bones, cartilage and joints

A

SKELETAL

Cartilage: connects bones together

61
Q

System and function of Axial skeleton

A

SKELETAL

Protects brain and spinal cord
Sense organs and soft tissues of thorax
Supports body weight over lower limbs

62
Q

System and function of Appendicular skeleton

A

SKELETAL

Internal support
Positioning of the external limbs
Supports and enables muscles to move the axial skeleton

63
Q

System and function of Bone

A

SKELETAL

Stores minerals

64
Q

System and function of Bone marrow

A

SKELETAL

Red: red blood cell production. (In flat bones. (e.g. pelvis sternum, skulls, ribs) loses some of this function due to aging)
Yellow: Stores fat cells. Energy storage. (In the medullary cavity of long bones. Gains with aging. Yellow to red after major bleeding)

65
Q

System and function of Lymphatic vessels

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Carry lymph fluid (water + protein)
Carry lymphocytes from peripheral tissues to veins of cardiovascular system

66
Q

System and function of Lymphatic fluid

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Lipids (fats + fatty acids) from gut

67
Q

System and function of B & T cells

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Cells which carry out immune responses

68
Q

System and function of Lymph nodes (including tonsils)

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Monitor composition of lymph
Defence: engulf pathogens
Stimulate immune response

69
Q

System and function of Spleen (similar functions to large lymph nodes)

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Monitors circulation (blood cells)
Engulfs pathogens
Stimulates immune response
Recycle red blood cells

70
Q

System and function of Thymus

A

LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE

Controls development and maintenance of T-cell lymphocytes

71
Q

System and function of Cutaneous membrane (skin)

A

INTEGUMENTARY

Epidermis: protects deeper tissues. Acts as a barrier. Consists of stratified squamous epithelium. Vitamin D production.
Dermis: Feeds epidermis. Contains blood vessels, nerves and glands. Consists of a papillary layer of areolar tissue and reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

72
Q

System and function of Hair follicles

A

INTEGUMENTARY

Hairs: sensation from innervation
Sebaceous glands: Lubricates hair shaft and epidermis. Removes waste.

73
Q

System and function of Sweat glands

A

INTEGUMENTARY
Thermoregulation (evaporative cooling)
Mammary gland (modified sweat gland)

74
Q

System and function of Nails

A

INTEGUMENTARY

Stiffen and protect digits

75
Q

System and function of Sensory receptors

A

INTEGUMENTARY

Detects sensations: Touch, pressure, temp, pain

76
Q

System and function of Hypodermis

A

INTEGUMENTARY

Stores fat
Attaches skin to deeper layers
Separates integument from fascia around deeper organs

77
Q

System and function of

CNS (central nervous system)

A

NERVOUS

Control centre
Short term control over systems

78
Q

System and function of Brain

A

NERVOUS

Complex integrative activities
Controls voluntary and involuntary movement

79
Q

System and function of Spinal cord

A

NERVOUS

Relays information to and from brain
Less complex integrative activities (reflex arc)

80
Q

System and function of Special senses

A

NERVOUS

Part of PNS excluding optic nerve which is CNS
Sensory input to the brain (sight, hearing, smell, taste, equilibrium.)

81
Q

System and function of PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A

NERVOUS

Links CNS with other systems and sense organs

82
Q

System and function of Heart

A

CARDIOVASCULAR

Propels blood
Maintains blood pressure

83
Q

System and function of Blood vessels

A

CARDIOVASCULAR

Arteries: from heart to capillaries
Capillaries: Diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids.
Veins: Return blood from capillaries to heart

84
Q

System and function of Blood

A

CARDIOVASCULAR

Transport of O2 and CO2
Transports nutrients and hormones
Removes waste
Temperature regulation
Defense against illness
Acid-base balance

BIOSCI 107 Pt1 (7 decks)

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