Elements ( paper 1 part b) Flashcards

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1
Q

For an offence

A

both AR and MR must be present (coincidence rule)

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2
Q

Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea

A

an act is not guilty unless the mind is also guilty

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3
Q

3 types of crimes

A

-conduct crimes
-consequence crimes
-state of affairs crimes

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4
Q

conduct crimes

A

when the AR is the prohibited conduct itself eg: drunk driving (s5a) of the Road Traffic Act 1988

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5
Q

consequence crimes

A

when the crime is dependent on the result ( aka result crime)

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6
Q

state of affairs crimes

A

criminal offences that don’t require AR

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7
Q

Hill v Baxter

( D ignored a road sign which resulted in a crash, D later claimed not to remember anything before the crash and said it was automatism)

A

D was convicted as there wasn’t any real evidence to support it. Court gave examples drivers couldn’t be said to be doing an involuntary act of driving eg: swarm of bees, stuck in the head with a stone, having a heat attack

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8
Q

R v Larsonneur

( D- Frenchwoman, was ordered to leave the UK and went to the Republic of Ireland. She was immediately sent back to the UK where she was arrested and convicted)

A

conviction as despite her actions not being voluntary she met the requirements for the AR

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9
Q

‘Good Samaritan’ principle

A

rules based on morals
-what we think is right & wrong?
-no such thing in English law ( except if the accused is under a duty to act - may be liability for omission)

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10
Q

Miller
(creating a dangerous situation & failing to rectify it)

A

there was a duty to act as he created the dangerous situation in which he failed to take steps to put out the fire out or call the fire brigade

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11
Q

Gibbins and Proctor (a parental duty to act -family/ special relationship)

A

They were guilty of murder as they were under a duty to act and look after the child, failing to do so was an omission

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12
Q

Pittwood (employment/ contractual duty )

A

the rail keeper was liable for manslaughter as it was his contractual duty to act

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13
Q

Stone and Dobinson ( duty of carers/ assumption of responsibility)

A

D’s were liable for her death as they had assumed a responsibility to her by taking her in. They failed to look after her and ensure she got the medical help she needed

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14
Q

DYTHAM ( duty through an official position)

A

D was under a duty to act due to his office and failure to do so resulted in an omission

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15
Q

Act of Parliament

A

s170 Road Traffic Act 1988

s1 Children and Young Person Act 1995

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