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Essentials of Art & Music > Elements of Music & Art / Middle Ages > Flashcards

Elements of Music & Art / Middle Ages Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Pitch

A

Relative highness or lowness of a musical sound

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2
Q

Interval

A

Distance between two pitches

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3
Q

Dynamics

A

Degree of loudness or softness (pp-p-mp-mf-f-ff)

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4
Q

Crescendo

A

Gradual increase in loudness

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5
Q

Decrescendo

A

Gradual decrease in loudness

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6
Q

Tone Color/Timbre

A

Distinctive quality of sound heard in different instruments

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7
Q

SATB

A

Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass

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8
Q

Strings

A

violin, viola, cello, bass

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9
Q

Pizzicato

A

Pluck a string with the finger instead of using a bow

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10
Q

Vibrato

A

Slight rocking motion with left hand on string

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11
Q

Woodwinds

A

Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon

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12
Q

Reed

A

Thin piece of cane used on some woodwind instruments (part of the mouthpiece)

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13
Q

Brass

A

Trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba

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14
Q

Percussion

A

Sound produced by striking, shaking, or scraping

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15
Q

Definite Pitch

A

ex. timpani, xylophone, chimes (pitch can be changed)

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16
Q

Indefinite pitch

A

ex. cymbals, triangle, tambourine, gong, castanets (pitch fixed)

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17
Q

Keyboard

A

Piano, organ, harpsichord

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18
Q

Rhythm

A

Flow of music through time

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19
Q

Beat

A

Recurrent, regular pulse

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20
Q

Meter

A

Pattern of beats; organization of beats into regular groups (stressed v. unstressed)
Can be triple or quadruple (common time)

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21
Q

Syncopation

A

Stress of a weak beat or between beats; the rhythm is out of sync

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22
Q

Tempo

A

Speed of the beat (Adagio, andante, allegro)

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23
Q

Ritardando/ritard

A

gradual decrease of tempo

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24
Q

Melody

A

Cohesive series of pitches that add up to a recognizable whole

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25
Q

Conjunct

A

Melody that moves by small intervals called steps

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26
Q

Disjunct

A

Melody that moves by larger intervals called leaps

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27
Q

Range

A

Distance between the highest and lowest pitches of musical work

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28
Q

Phrase

A

Dependent idea within a melody

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29
Q

Cadence

A

Resting place at the end of a phrase; musical punctuation

30
Q

Sequence

A

Restatement of a melodic pattern at another level; higher or lower

31
Q

Theme

A

A main melody

32
Q

Harmony

A

Simultaneous sounding of pitches

33
Q

Chord

A

Three or more tones sounded together

34
Q

Arpeggio

A

Sounding of individual tones of a chord in succession, rather than simultaneously (broken chord)

35
Q

Consonance

A

Point of arrival; feeling of rest; sounds resolved

36
Q

Dissonance

A

Tension; needs resolution

37
Q

Scale

A

A specific pattern of whole steps and half steps

38
Q

Major Scale

A

W W 1/2 W W W 1/2

39
Q

Tonic

A

The first note of a scale and the chord built on it; tonal center (I)

40
Q

Tonality

A

Another term for key; the principle of organizing music around one central tone (pitch)

41
Q

Dominant

A

Chord built on the fifth step of a scale (V)

42
Q

Modulation

A

To shift from one key to another; temporarily get a new tonic

43
Q

Texture

A

How the horizontal and vertical come together; the relationship between melody and harmony

44
Q

Monophony

A

Single unaccompanied melodic line

45
Q

Homophony

A

Main melody plus accompaniment

46
Q

Polyphony

A

Two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest performed simultaneously

47
Q

Imitation

A

Repetition of a melody (or part of a melody) immediately in a different voice; creates polyphony

48
Q

Form

A

The organization (structural outline) of a music work

49
Q

Repetition

A

Creates a sense of unity

50
Q

Contrast

A

Creates a sense of variety

51
Q

Ternary

A

Three part form; A B A

52
Q

Binary

A

Two-part form; A B

53
Q

Medium

A

Artist’s physical materials

54
Q

Line

A

has expressive significance

55
Q

Horizontal line

A

repose and stability

56
Q

Vertical line

A

Strength

57
Q

Diagonal

A

Tension and action

58
Q

Space

A

Three-dimensional volume that can only be suggested in a painting

59
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Sense of volume achieved by painting objects that are father away smaller; parallel lines converge to an implied vanishing point on the eye-level horizon line

60
Q

Aerial Perspective

A

Illusion of depth is achieved by simulating the effect of the atmosphere on objects whereby they look paler and bluer the farther away they are

61
Q

Hue

A

The actual color

62
Q

Intensity

A

Brightness v dullness of a color

63
Q

Value

A

Lightness v. darkness of a color; amount of black or white in a color

64
Q

Form

A

Based on unity/variety
Balanced

65
Q

Focal Point

A

area of emphasis in an artwork

66
Q

Middle Ages

A

450-1450

67
Q

Romanesque Architecture

A

Rounded Arches
Thick Walls
Modest Height
Dark Interior

68
Q

Gothic Architecture

A

Pointed Arches
Flying Buttresses
Many windows which allow in much light
Soaring Height

69
Q

The Building of a Cathedral:

A
  1. Community affair and a matter of civic pride
  2. Could take over a century to build
  3. Place to worship and receive biblical instruction
70
Q

Gregorian Chant

A
  1. Gregory 1 (Pope)
  2. Rhythm- Variable
  3. Ecclesiastical- Sacred Music
  4. Gentlemen
  5. Only one voice- monophony
  6. Range- medium
  7. In Latin
  8. A-cappella- without accompaniment
  9. Not regular scales = modes

Essentials of Art & Music (1 decks)

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