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Year 9 Chemistry > Elements, compounds and mixtures > Flashcards

Elements, compounds and mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms?

A

very tiny particles

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2
Q

How many types of atom?

A

92 that occur naturally

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3
Q

What are the two main parts of an atom?

A

The nucleus and the electron cloud region

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4
Q

What types of particle does the nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What three fundamental particles are atoms of all elements made up of?

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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6
Q

What is a protons’ relative mass and relative charge?

A

relative mass: 1

relative charge: +1

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7
Q

What is a neutrons’ relative mass and relative charge?

A

relative mass: 1

relative charge: 0

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8
Q

What is a electrons’ relative mass and relative charge?

A

relative mass: almost 0 (1/2000)

relative charge: -1

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9
Q

What are molecules?

A

The atoms of some elements join together in molecules. Molecules are made up of two or more atoms. Molecules can be formed by two atoms of the same element or by atoms of two different elements.

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10
Q

Name some elements that form molecules.

A

oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine…

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11
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is the number of protons an atom has (always the smaller number)

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12
Q

What is the mass number?

A

sum of protons and neutrons

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13
Q

How do you calculate the electrons?

A

The same as the protons and therefore atomic number

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14
Q

How do you calculate the protons?

A

The same amount as electrons and atomic number.

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15
Q

How do you calculate the neutrons?

A

mass number - protons

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16
Q

If chlorine’s atomic number is 17 and its mass number is 35, what is its number of protons, neutrons and electrons?

A 
protons = 17
neutrons = 18
electrons = 17
17
Q

What are isotypes?

A

Isotypes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons.

18
Q

What is the electronic structure of an atom?

A

Electrons in atoms are arranged in energy levels (shells)

Energy levels fill from the inside. Only when one level is full will the electrons start going into the next level.

19
Q

How many electrons can each energy level hold?

A

2,8,8

20
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

the pop test: lit splint, in the neck of the tube makes a squeaky pop when hydrogen is present

21
Q

Similarity between Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid and Calcium + Hydrochloric acid

A

Both exothermic: very reactive

22
Q

magnesium + hydrochloric acid =

A

magnesium chloride + hydrogen

23
Q

calcium + hydrochloric acid =

A

calcium chloride + hydrogen

24
Q

is the product of calcium + water acid or alkali?

A

alkali because of alkali earth metals

25
Q

calcium + water =

A

calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

26
Q

is magnesium or calcium more reactive?

A

calcium

27
Q

Explain which would be the most reactive metal in period II.

A

radium as the elements become more reactive as you go down the group because the atomic number goes up

28
Q

describe an atom

A

atoms consist of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons. The nucleus is small compared to the size of the whole atom. The nucleus is surrounded by electrons in energy levels, also called shells. Atoms have no electric charge because they contain the same number of protons and electrons. The electrons are arranged in energy levels (shells).

29
Q

How are the atoms in an element arranged?

A

Elements are made up of only one type of atom.

These atoms can exist as individual atoms (e.g. Ne) or bonded together atoms to form molecules (e.g. O2)

30
Q

How are the atoms in a compound arranged?

A

Compounds contain atoms of two or more elements and are chemically bonded together.
The elements in a compound are difficult to separate and need to undergo chemical change if this is to happen.

31
Q

How are the atoms in a mixture arranged?

A

The different particles in a mixture are not chemically bonded together and can therefore be separated from each other with relative ease.

32
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made from only one type of atom.
It cannot be broken down into two or more simple substances by means of a chemical reaction
Cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

33
Q

What is a compound?

A

These substances contain two or more elements that are chemically combined.
The elements in a compound are in a fixed ratio which is shown by the formula, e.g. in the compound, water (formula: H2O) there are 2 toms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen.

34
Q

What is a mixture?

A

These substances contain two or more elements or compounds in a variable ratio and which are not chemically combined.

Year 9 Chemistry (1 decks)

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