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Chemistry > Elements, atoms, isotopes, and ions; test 2 > Flashcards

Elements, atoms, isotopes, and ions; test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

who did what?

Robert Boyle

A

recognized carful mesurments and expiriments, well known for his work with gases and boyle’s law, did not recognize elements

(1627-1691)

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2
Q

who did what?

Antoine Lavoisier

A

law of conservation of masses (matter)

mid 1700’s

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3
Q

who did what?

Joseph Proust

A

law of definite proportions (constant composition) chemical formula

1794

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4
Q

who did what?

John Dalton

A

daltons atomic theory

1808

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5
Q

who did what?

Aristotle

A

disagreeded with daltons atomic theory

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6
Q

who did what?

Dalton

A

daltons atomic theory

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7
Q

who did what?

J.J Thomson

A

cathode ray tube expiriments

1890’s

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8
Q

who did what?

Ernest Rutherford

A

gold foil expiriment

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9
Q

who did what?

Niels Bohr

A

model of the atom that more is more like out modern models

had a handful of problems

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10
Q

elements

what were the ANCIENT GREEKS first idea of elements?

A

4 fundimental elements, earth, air, fire, and water

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11
Q

elements

what were ALCHEMISTS?

A

prcursers to chemists, who tried to turm cheap metals into gold but did not recognize elements

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12
Q

elements

how many KNOWN elements are there?

A

118

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13
Q

elements

how many NATURALLY OCCURING elements are there?

A

88

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14
Q

elements

elements can be COMBINED into what?

A

compounds

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15
Q

elements

compounds are used to make what?

A

different substances

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16
Q

elements

what do the 9 most abundant elements make up?

A

98% of the masses of earths crust, oceans and atmosphere

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17
Q

4 meaning of “element”

microscopic

A

a single atom of a given element

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18
Q

4 meaning of “element”

macroscopic

A

a measurable amount of a given element

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19
Q

element name

what LANGUGE do most element names for elements come from?

A

greek or latin

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20
Q

element names

what 3 things are most element named after?

A

people, places, or greek/latin

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21
Q

element symbols

the first letter is always ____?

A

uppercase

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22
Q

element symbols

the second letter is always ___?

A

lowercase

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23
Q

element symbols

if symbol doesnt match its current name it may be based on its ___?

A

old name

24
Q

element symbols

most symbols are the 1st, 2nd or random ____ of the name?

A

letters

25
Q

the atomists

when did the idea of atomos originate?

A

ancient grecce ~450 bc

26
Q

the atomists

who was the group “atomsits”bed by ?

A

democritus

27
Q

the atomists

Atomos

A

parts of matter that are “uncuttable”

28
Q

aristotle’s problem

what problems does Aristotle have with the idea of atoms?

A
  1. what holds atoms together?
  2. why dosent metter simply fall apart?
  3. how can we accept atoms if we cannot see them?
29
Q

who did what?

Democritus

A

leader of the atomists, aristotle had problems with his theory’s

30
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

proust’s law of definite proportionsis connencted to?

A

daltomns 4th point of atomic theory

31
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what is an explaination of law of consercation of matter?

A

daltons 5th point of atomic theory

32
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what happens in a chemical reaction to an atom?

A

atoms are conserved

33
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what do compounds always have?

A

the same ratio of atoms of each of its elements

34
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what can atoms not be?

A

subdivided, created, or destroyed

35
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what are the 5 main points of Daltons atomic theory?

A
  1. elements are composed of atoms
  2. all atoms of an element are identical
  3. atoms cannot be subdivided,created or destroyed
  4. compounds always have the same ratio of atoms of each of its elements
  5. in chemical reaction, atoms are combined, seperated and rearranged
36
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

what restates the law of conservation of matter ?

A
37
Q

the structure of the atom

what type of nature of matter does the atom have?

A

eletrical

38
Q

the structure of the atom

negative particles are ___?

A

electrons

39
Q

the structure of the atom

what model is used to show J.J’s theory?

A
40
Q

the structure of the atom

what do the elements eject?

A

negative particles

41
Q

the structure of the atom

what does the plum pudding/cokkie dough model represent?

A

dough/puudding is positivly charged while the choclate chips/plum are nuggets of charge; they blance out

42
Q

gold foil expiriment

what controls the positive charge of an atom?

A

the nucleus

43
Q

gold foil expiriment

what did ruthford call the dense center?

A

nucleus

44
Q

gold foil expiriment

what fills the mostly empty space of the atom?

A

electrons

45
Q

ernest ruthford

where does the positive charge come from?

A

the protrons

46
Q

ernest ruthford

where are electrons found?

A

distant from nucleus

47
Q

ernest ruthford

how are protrons held together?

A

held together by neutrons

48
Q

the nuclear atom

what is a nucleus?

A

a very dense, positivly charged center of atom

49
Q

the nuclear atom

what does a nucleus contain?

A

protrons (p+) and Neutrons (nº)

50
Q

the nuclear atom

where is the electron (e-) found?

A

far from nucleus

51
Q

bohr model of the atom

what is the main premise of bhor’s model of the atom?

A

a planetary model with a dense nucleus with protrons and neutrons. electrons orbit nucleus in levels, they can move up or down the levels as energy is added or removed

52
Q

bhor model of the atom

what were 3 problems with bhor’s model of the atom?

A
  1. only works with hydrogen
  2. electrosn are too fast (fan blade)
  3. heisenberg uncertainty
53
Q

modern model of the atom

the nucleus is __?

A

dense and positivly charged

54
Q

modern model of the atom

where are the protrons and neutrons located?

A

in the nucleus

55
Q

modern model of the atom

what do electrons occupy?

A

orbitals

Chemistry (1 decks)

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