Elements and the limestone cycle

Question 1

Describe 3 points about an atom’s nucleus. ..

Answer 1

It’s in the middle if the atom
It contains protons and neutrons Protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge
The nucleus is positively charged overall
It’s tiny compared to the size of the atom

Question 2

Describe the electrons in 4 points …

Answer 2

They move around the nucleus 
they're negatively charged 
they're tiny but cover a lot of space 
they occupy shells around the nucleus 
The shells explain  the whole of chemistry

Question 3

Number of protons = the. …

The charge is always. …

Answer 3

Number of electrons Equal and opposite to the electrons

Question 4

If electrons are added or taken away what is the atom called?

Answer 4

An ion

Question 5

What decides what type of atom it is?

Answer 5

The number of protons

Question 6

If a substance contains onettle of atom it’s called an …

Answer 6

Element

Question 7

How are elements grouped?

Answer 7

Ones with similar properties are in the same groups

Question 8

What are the vertical columns called?

Why do the elements have similar properties?

Answer 8

Groups

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

Question 9

What is the top number next to the element symbol?

Answer 9

The mass number

Atomic number - proton number

Question 10

Electrons are always on…
Atoms are stable when they have…
If they are unstable they have… so they are….

Answer 10

shells
full electron shells
under 8 electrons on their outer shell (or 1, hydrogen)
they are reactive

Question 11

number of protons =

Answer 11

number of electrons

Question 12

What is the electronic structure for Nitrogen?

It has to inside ring electrons, then 5 on the outside.

Answer 12

2,5

Question 13

What bond does a compound have if there is a metal in it? What are the atoms like?
And if there’s no metal atom?

Answer 13

Ionic, ions

Covalent

Question 14

What compound is limestone mostly made up of?

Answer 14

CaCO3 - calcium carbonate

Question 15

What is thermal decomposition?

Answer 15

When a substance chemically changes into at least two different products when heated.

Question 16

What does calcium carbonate thermal decompose into?

Answer 16

calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

Question 17

Why can’t you thermally decompose group 1 metal carbonates in the class room?

Answer 17

The bunsen burner doesn’t reach high enough temps.

Question 18

What does calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid make?

Answer 18

Calcium sulphate salt, CO2 and water.

Question 19

What does calcium oxide (quick lime) + water =?

Answer 19

Calcium hydroxide - slaked lime

Question 20

What is calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) used for? (2)

Answer 20

Neutralising acidic soil in fields - it works faster than powdered limestone.
To test for CO2, if made into a solution, lime water, bubble the gas through it and the solution will turn cloudy if CO2 is present.

Question 21

Calcium hydroxide + CO2=

Answer 21

Calcium carbonate and H2O

Question 22

How is cement made?

Answer 22

Powdered limestone is heated in a kiln with powdered clay to make it.

Question 23

How is mortar made?

Answer 23

Cement can be mixed with sand and water to stick bricks together, you can also add calcium hydroxide to cement to make it.

Question 24

How is concrete made?

Answer 24

Mix cement with sand and aggregate

Question 25

What are the 5 negative effects of quarrying limestone?

Answer 25

It makes an ugly hole permanently scaring the landscape
Blasting the rocks with explosives creates a lot of dust and noise pollution is normal tranquil environments
It destroys the habitats of animals and birds
The limestone needs to be transported away in lorries cause noise and pollution
Waste material forms unsightly tips

Question 26

How does making things from limestone cause pollution?

Answer 26

Cement factories make a lot of dust which can cause breathing problems
Energy is needed to produce cement and to decompose CaCO3, from burning fossil fuels causing pollution

Question 27

What are the four good effects from quarrying limestone?

Answer 27

Stone used for houses and roads, and chemicals used in paints and dyes and medicines come from limestone
Products used to neutralise acidic soil, and lakes from acid rain
Used in power station chimneys neutralise sulphur dioxide causing acid rain
The quarry and associated businesses creates jobs and boosts the local economy leading to local improvements in infrastructure
Landscape and restoration takes place after the quarrying as part of the applied for planning permission

Question 28

What are limestone and concrete used for?

Answer 28

Building materials

Question 29

Why is limestone used for building? (4)

Answer 29

It’s widely available
Cheaper than granite or marble
Easy rock to cut
Some is more hard wearing than marble but still looks attractive

Question 30

What is concrete used for? (2)

But it’s….

Answer 30

Pouring into moulds to make blocks or panels that can be joined together.
It’s a quick and cheap way to make buildings
Unattractive

Question 31

Why is limestone and concrete used instead of wood? (3)

Answer 31

It doesn’t rot, it can’t be gnawed by insects or rodents and it’s fire resistant.

Question 32

Why is concrete used instead of metals?
But…
It’s stronger when…

Answer 32

It doesn’t corrode
it can crack
reinforced by steel bars