Elements and Bonding

Question 1

mineral

Answer 1

solid, naturally occurring, inorganic, repeating chemical composition, crystalline structure

Question 2

Right vs. Left lateral strike-slip fault

Answer 2

Right is shifted to right (further plate/plane)

Question 3

atomic # z

Answer 3

number of protons, defines element

Question 4

atomic mass number

Answer 4

protons + neutrons

Question 5

isotopes

Answer 5

different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

electronegativity

Answer 6

tendency of an element to attract electrons when atoms bond

Question 7

ionic (electrostatic) bonds

Answer 7

metallic & non metallic, oppositely charged ions

Question 8

ionically bonded crystals

Answer 8

NaCl, KCl, MgO

Question 9

covalent bonds (electron-sharing)

Answer 9

non metallic X2, share valence electrons to achieve stability (ex. C)

Question 10

metallic bonds

Answer 10

metal X2, delocalized valence electrons

Question 11

metallically bonded minerals

Answer 11

native copper, silver, strong current, malleable and ductile

Question 12

Polyhedra

Answer 12

anions surrounding central cation

Question 13

coordination # (CN)

Answer 13

number of neighbors to central cation

Question 14

electrostatic valency

Answer 14

EV= z/CN

Question 15

abundance of elements in crust

Answer 15

46% O, 30% Si

Question 16

abundance of elements in earth

Answer 16

35% Fe, 30% O

Question 17

silicates

Answer 17

(SiO4)4-

Question 18

phosphates

Answer 18

(PO4)3-

Question 19

carbonates

Answer 19

(CO3)2-

Question 20

oxides

Answer 20

(O)2-

Question 21

Sulfides

Answer 21

S (2-/4-)