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elements Flashcards

1
Q

What is a type of reaction turbine usually with typical spiral casing where water enters the runner radially?

A

Francis Turbine

The Francis turbine is the most widely used type of hydraulic turbine for modern power generation purposes.

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2
Q

What is the name of the expanding tube connecting the outlet passage of a turbine with the tail water?

A

Draft Tube

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3
Q

What is a hydroelectric plant where excess water is pumped to an elevated space during off-peak periods?

A

Pumped Storage Plant

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4
Q

What is the channel that conducts water away from the turbine called?

A

Tailrace

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5
Q

What is the grid or screen composed of parallel bars that prevents floating debris from entering the penstock?

A

Trash Rack

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6
Q

What term refers to water in the reservoir?

A

Headwater

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7
Q

What is a propeller-type reaction turbine with adjustable guide vanes and runner blades?

A

Kaplan Turbine

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8
Q

What type of power utilizes the difference in elevation between high and low tide to produce energy?

A

Tidal Power

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9
Q

Which power plant’s output depends on the water flow in the river?

A

Run-of-River Plant

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10
Q

What is the intake pipe to a hydraulic turbine from a dam called?

A

Penstock

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11
Q

What kind of fluid flow occurs when the fluid travels parallel to adjacent layers?

A

Laminar flow

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12
Q

What conducts the water around the turbine?

A

Spiral casing

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13
Q

What are the movable vertical vanes that control the flow of water to the runner?

A

Wicket gate

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14
Q

What is the speed of a hypothetical model turbine that develops 1 hp at a head of 1 ft?

A

Specific speed

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15
Q

What is the difference in elevation between the headwater and the tailwater called?

A

Net head

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16
Q

What is the ratio of the effective head to the gross head?

A

Hydraulic efficiency

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17
Q

What is the ratio of the head utilized to the effective head?

A

Volumetric efficiency

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18
Q

Heads between 70 and 800 ft generally indicate which type of turbine?

A

Reaction turbine

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19
Q

Heads below about 70 ft call for which type of turbine?

A

Propeller turbine

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20
Q

What part of a hydraulic turbine helps reduce head loss at submerged discharge?

A

Draft tube

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21
Q

What tank at the transition from low-pressure headrace or tunnel protects against pressure changes?

A

Surge tank

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22
Q

What is the rotating part of the turbine where water imparts energy?

A

Runner

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23
Q

What is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid called?

A

Cavitation

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24
Q

What property of lubricating oil measures its thickness?

A

Viscosity

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The velocity head of water can be calculated using the formula _______.

A

V^2/2g

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26
Q

The buoyant force on a floating object is equal to what?

A

Weight of displaced liquid

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27
Q

What is the primary purpose of a turbine in a fluid loop?

A

Add energy to the flow

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28
Q

What connects the turbine outlet to the tailwater?

A

Draft tube

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29
Q

What provides a means of releasing flow water that exceeds the design capacity of the dam?

A

Spillway

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30
Q

What is the power required to deliver a given quantity of fluid against a head with no losses called?

A

Hydraulic power

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31
Q

What is the velocity effect in fluid flow?

A

Velocity is zero at the wall and maximum at the center

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32
Q

What is a type of water turbine where a jet of water falls on blades or buckets?

A

Pelton wheel turbine

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33
Q

What is a vent or hole in the earth’s surface from which steam or hot gases issue called?

A

Fumarole

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34
Q

What is the typical depth of a geothermal production well in meters?

A

1500

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35
Q

What type of energy is transformed by a wind energy system into mechanical or electrical energy?

A

Kinetic Energy

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36
Q

What is the rhythmic rise and fall of the ocean waters called?

A

Tide

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37
Q

The power available in the wind is proportional to what of its speed?

A

Cube

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38
Q

What is the maximum tidal range called?

A

Spring tide

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39
Q

Natural gas is considered _____ when it is almost pure methane.

A

Dry

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40
Q

What type of reactor has water heated by nuclear fuel that boils to steam directly in the reactor vessel?

A

Boiling Water Reactor

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41
Q

What is the air pollution control device that collects fly ash in flue gas?

A

Electrostatic Precipitator

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42
Q

What component of a nuclear reactor slows down fast neutrons born during fission?

A

Moderator

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43
Q

What boron-coated steel rods are used to regulate the fission chain reaction?

A

Control Rods

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44
Q

What cycle describes the combination of a gas turbine generator with a steam turbine generator?

A

Brayton Cycle

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45
Q

Natural gas comprises mainly of _____

A

Methane

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46
Q

What is the coal ash that exits a combustion chamber in flue gas called?

A

Fly Ash

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47
Q

What is known as brown coal with a calorific value of less than 8,300 Btu/lb?

A

Lignite

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48
Q

What means using the same energy source for more than one purpose?

A

Cogeneration

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49
Q

What is the minimum amount of air required for complete combustion of fuel called?

A

Stoichiometric Air

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50
Q

What device measures the calorific value of a unit mass of fuel?

A

Calorimeter

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51
Q

When water in combustion products is in vapor form, the heating value is known as?

A

Lower heating value (LHV)

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52
Q

The percent excess air is calculated using the difference between the actual and theoretical air divided by what?

A

Theoretically air supplied

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53
Q

During a combustion process, the components existing before the reaction are called?

A

Reactants

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54
Q

What is the solidified mass of fused ash called?

A

Clinker

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55
Q

Why were older types of economizers constructed of cast iron?

A

Resists corrosion better than mild steel

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56
Q

What is an accessory installed on modern boilers to preheat air for combustion?

A

Air preheater

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57
Q

What components are included in the proximate analysis of solid fuel?

A

Fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash and moisture

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58
Q

Which element of fuel is not combustible?

A

Oxygen

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59
Q

What is a device used to record cylinder pressure and piston travel in an engine?

A

Engine Indicator

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60
Q

What diagram is used by engineers to detect issues like leaky piston packing?

A

Indicator diagram

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61
Q

What is the effective weight of the brake arm when the brake band is loose called?

A

Tare Weight

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62
Q

What is the ratio of heat converted to useful power to the heat supplied called?

A

Thermal efficiency

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63
Q

What is the ratio of the actual power of the engine to its ideal power called?

A

Engine efficiency

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64
Q

What is the power output of the generator called?

A

Net Tension

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65
Q

What is the term for the amount of fuel needed to perform a unit of power?

A

Specific fuel consumption

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66
Q

What is the ratio of heat converted to useful power to the heat supplied?

A

Thermal efficiency

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67
Q

What is the ratio of the actual power of the engine to its ideal power?

A

Generator efficiency

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68
Q

What is the ratio of the cylinder volumes after and before the combustion process called?

A

Compression ratio

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69
Q

What is the position of the piston when it forms the smallest volume in the cylinder?

A

Top Dead Center Position

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70
Q

What is the position of the piston when it forms the largest volume in the cylinder?

A

Bottom Dead Center Position

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71
Q

What type of engine has four events take place in one revolution of a crankshaft?

A

4-stroke cycle engine

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72
Q

What is the model cycle for spark ignition engines?

A

Otto cycle

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73
Q

Diesel engine fuel is rated in terms of what?

A

Cetane number

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74
Q

The distance that the piston can travel in one direction is known as the _______.

A

Stroke

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75
Q

What is the minimum volume formed in the cylinder when the piston is at the top dead center?

A

Clearance volume

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76
Q

What is the fictitious pressure that would produce the same amount of net work as that produced during the actual cycle?

A

Mean effective pressure

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77
Q

What is the ratio of constant pressure specific heat to the constant volume specific heat?

A

Specific heat ratio

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78
Q

What is the ideal cycle for compression-ignition reciprocating engines?

A

Diesel cycle

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79
Q

What is the power developed in the engine cylinder as obtained from the pressure in the cylinder?

A

Indicated power

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80
Q

What is the pressure and torque spent in overcoming friction of reciprocating and revolving parts of the engine?

A

Friction power

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81
Q

What is the instrument for determining brake power called?

A

Dynamometer

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82
Q

What is the indicator used to determine the anti-knock characteristics of gasoline?

A

Octane Number

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83
Q

What component draws fuel from the tank through the primary fuel filter?

A

Fuel transfer pump

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84
Q

What component acts as a balancer and provides momentum during dead stroke in a cycle?

A

Flywheel

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85
Q

What are steel tubes with a seat at both ends that bridge the motion from camshaft to rocker arm called?

A

Push rod

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86
Q

What is the passage of coolant from the engine block to the cylinder head called?

A

Water jacket

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87
Q

What is used to cool incoming air so that the volume of air available is increased?

A

After cooler

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88
Q

The difference between the maximum and minimum volume is known as _______.

A

Displacement Volume

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89
Q

What are used to seal the gases within the cylinder and to keep oil out?

A

Piston Rings

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90
Q

In the Otto cycle, the process where heat is added is at _______.

A

constant volume

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91
Q

In the Diesel cycle, the process where heat is added is at _______.

A

constant pressure

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92
Q

What is used to reduce friction of bearings and sliding surfaces in machines?

A

Lubricant

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93
Q

In a heat engine, the ratio of brake power to the indicated power is called _______.

A

thermal efficiency

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94
Q

What is the ratio of the average load to the peak load over a designated period of time?

A

Load Factor

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95
Q

What is the ratio of the sum of individual maximum demands of the system to the overall maximum demand called?

A

Diversity Factor

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96
Q

What is the sum of the continuous ratings of all the equipment and outlets on the customer’s circuit?

A

Connected load

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97
Q

What is the ratio of the duration of the actual service of a machine to the total duration called?

A

Utilization factor

98
Q

What is the ratio of the brake mean effective pressure to the indicated mean effective pressure?

A

Brake engine efficiency

99
Q

What is the ratio of the combined engine efficiency to the brake engine efficiency?

A

Combined thermal efficiency

100
Q

The difference between the power plant installed capacity and the peak load is called _______.

A

reserve over peak

101
Q

What is a series of processes during which the initial and final state points are the same called?

A

Cycle

102
Q

The compressibility factor of an ideal gas is equal to _______.

A

1.00

103
Q

What does the relation pV=C represent?

A

Isothermal process

104
Q

In the relation pVn=C, if n=0, the process is called _______.

A

Isometric process

105
Q

In a Carnot cycle, heat rejection occurs during the _______.

A

Isothermal compression

106
Q

What type of system has mass inflow and outflow that are not equal?

A

Unsteady state, unsteady flow system

107
Q

What form of energy is a function of temperature for perfect gases?

A

Internal energy

108
Q

What is defined as the force of gravity per unit volume of a substance?

A

Specific weight

109
Q

What is a thermodynamic system whose mass does not cross its boundaries called?

A

Closed system

110
Q

Which law states that the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force?

A

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

111
Q

What is a substance that receives, transports and transfers energy called?

A

Working substance

112
Q

What law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

113
Q

What states that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures?

A

Dalton’s Law

114
Q

What is the point at which the saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical?

A

Critical point

115
Q

The point at which heat transfer stops is known as _______.

A

Thermodynamic equilibrium

116
Q

What instrument is used for determining the specific gravity of a solution?

A

Hydrometer

117
Q

What temperature refers to when all molecular motion ceases?

A

0 oK

118
Q

What does the area under the curve on a pressure-volume diagram represent?

A

Net Work

119
Q

A boiler steam pressure gauge should have a range of at least _______ times the maximum allowable working pressure.

A

1.25

120
Q

What is a valve designed to allow a fluid to pass through in one direction only called?

A

Check valve

121
Q

What is the enthalpy change of an ideal gas compressed isothermally?

A

Zero

122
Q

What is constant in an adiabatic throttling process?

A

Enthalpy

123
Q

What is the ideal cycle for a gas turbine plant?

A

Brayton cycle

124
Q

What is the most thermally efficient cycle consisting of two isentropic and two isothermal processes?

A

Carnot cycle

125
Q

How can the average temperature during heat rejection process of a Rankine cycle be decreased?

A

reduce turbine exit pressure

126
Q

What is commonly done to a vapor power cycle when the turbine has excessive moisture?

A

reheating

127
Q

What is the form of energy transferred between two systems by virtue of temperature difference?

A

Heat

128
Q

What type of thermodynamic process has no heat transfer?

A

Adiabatic Process

129
Q

What is an energy interaction not caused by a temperature difference called?

A

Work

130
Q

What is the process where solid directly changes to vapor without passing through liquid state?

A

Sublimation

131
Q

A rigid container heated by the sun has a work output that is _______.

A

equal to zero

132
Q

The net work output of a heat engine is always _______.

A

less than the amount of heat input

133
Q

What is the sum of all the energies of all the molecules in a system called?

A

Internal Energy

134
Q

What is a liquid whose temperature is below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure?

A

Subcooled liquid

135
Q

A device that violates the first law of thermodynamics is called a _______.

A

Perpetual motion machine of the first kind

136
Q

The efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating between the same two reservoirs _______.

A

are the same

137
Q

A process with no heat transfer is known as _______.

A

adiabatic process

138
Q

The relative density of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of _______.

A

water

139
Q

What type of heat exchanger allows fluids to flow at right angles to each other?

A

Cross flow

140
Q

The principle that total energy in any one energy system remains constant is called the principle of _______.

A

Conservation of Energy

141
Q

A process for which the inlet and outlet enthalpies are the same is called _______.

A

Isenthalpic

142
Q

The sum of energies of all the molecules in a system appears in several complex forms, what is it called?

A

Internal Energy

143
Q

What is a system that is completely impervious to its surrounding called?

A

Isolated system

144
Q

What device is used to measure small and moderate pressure difference?

A

Manometer

145
Q

What is a vapor having a temperature higher than the saturation temperature called?

A

Superheated vapor

146
Q

What is the energy or stored capacity for performing work possessed by a moving body?

A

Kinetic energy

147
Q

What thermodynamic process maintains constant temperature and has zero change in internal energy?

A

Isothermal process

148
Q

What is the function of a pump or compressor?

A

increase the total energy content of the flow

149
Q

This law states that all energy received as heat by a heat-engine cannot be converted into mechanical work.

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

150
Q

What is the thermodynamic process wherein temperature is constant and the change in internal energy is zero?

A

Isothermal process

In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, implying that the internal energy does not change.

151
Q

What is the function of a pump or compressor?

A

Increase the total energy content of the flow

Pumps and compressors are used to increase the energy of a fluid flow.

152
Q

Which law states that all energy received as heat by a heat-engine cannot be converted into mechanical work?

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

The 2nd Law highlights the limitations of energy conversion processes.

153
Q

What is the intensity of pressure measured above absolute zero called?

A

Absolute pressure

Absolute pressure is the total pressure relative to a perfect vacuum.

154
Q

What is the term for the ratio of the heat equivalent of the brake or useful horsepower developed by an engine to the heat during the same time?

A

Brake thermal efficiency

It measures how effectively an engine converts heat into work.

155
Q

Fill in the blank: Flow work is equal to pressure times _______.

A

Specific volume

Flow work is an important concept in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.

156
Q

What type of energy is due to the position or elevation of the body?

A

Potential energy

Potential energy is energy stored due to an object’s position.

157
Q

What is another term for a constant volume process?

A

Isochoric process

The isochoric process maintains a constant volume while pressure and temperature may vary.

158
Q

What is the efficiency of the Carnot cycle dependent upon?

A

Temperature

The Carnot cycle is a theoretical model that establishes the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine.

159
Q

What is the heat required in a constant-pressure process to completely vaporize a unit mass of liquid at a given temperature called?

A

Enthalpy of vaporization

This term is crucial in thermodynamics for phase change calculations.

160
Q

Which device is commonly used for measuring temperature differences or high temperatures?

A

Thermocouple

Thermocouples are widely used due to their accuracy and wide temperature range.

161
Q

What is the rate of doing work per unit of time called?

A

Power

Power is a measure of how quickly work is done or energy is transferred.

162
Q

In an ideal Rankine cycle, what happens to the thermal efficiency if the steam is superheated to a higher temperature?

A

The cycle thermal efficiency will increase

Superheating improves the efficiency of heat engines by increasing the temperature of the working fluid.

163
Q

What is a vapor having a temperature higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to the existing pressure called?

A

Superheated Vapor

Superheated vapor is essential in many thermodynamic applications.

164
Q

What is the work done in pushing a fluid across a boundary called?

A

Flow Work

Flow work is a key concept in fluid dynamics and thermodynamics.

165
Q

What type of liquid has a temperature lower than the saturation temperature corresponding to the existing pressure?

A

Subcooled liquid

Subcooled liquids are used in various thermal systems to enhance efficiency.

166
Q

In a water-tube boiler, where does the water pass through?

A

Inside the tubes

Water-tube boilers are designed for high-pressure steam generation.

167
Q

What is the temperature to which the air becomes saturated at constant pressure called?

A

Wet-bulb temperature

Wet-bulb temperature is important in psychrometry and HVAC applications.

168
Q

What is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a certain volume of moist air to the mass of water vapor in the same volume of saturated air at the same temperature called?

A

Specific humidity

Specific humidity is a crucial measure in meteorology and HVAC.

169
Q

What is the term for the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air movement, and quantity of air in space?

A

Air-conditioning

Air-conditioning systems are essential for maintaining comfort in indoor environments.

170
Q

Fill in the blank: The temperature at which the water vapor content of moist air begins to condense when air is cooled at constant pressure is called _______.

A

Dew Point Temperature

Dew Point Temperature is critical for understanding humidity and condensation processes.

171
Q

What is the index of performance of a refrigeration system which is a dimensionless quantity called?

A

Coefficient of Performance

Coefficient of Performance measures the efficiency of refrigeration systems.

172
Q

What happens to the pressure of a confined gas at constant temperature if it is tripled?

A

The volume will be reduced to one-third of its original value

This is a direct application of Boyle’s Law.

173
Q

What is the pressure of the refrigerant between the expansion valve and the intake of the compressor in a multi-pressure refrigeration system?

A

Low-side pressure

Understanding pressure points in refrigeration systems is crucial for effective system design.

174
Q

What does the term ‘sensible heating or cooling’ refer to?

A

The rate of heat transfer attributable only to a change in dry-bulb temperature

This concept is fundamental in HVAC design and analysis.

175
Q

What is the power output in kW if the energy rate is 49.232 kJ/s?

A

49.232 kW

176
Q

What is the horsepower equivalent of 49.232 kW?

A

65.99 hp

177
Q

Calculate the pressure at the bottom of a water tank that is 4 ft high.

A

1.733 psi

178
Q

Convert 750 mm Hg to kN/m2.

A

99.99 kPa

179
Q

What is the weight of water in a tank measuring 18 ft wide, 24 ft long, and 4 ft deep?

A

49 tons

180
Q

What is the volume flow rate of oil through 16 tubes with a velocity of 2 m/s and an internal diameter of 30 mm?

A

22.62 liters/s

181
Q

Convert a temperature of 620 deg R to degrees Celsius.

A

71.11

182
Q

What is the unknown volume of gas if it expands to a 10 m3 container at 500 mm Hg?

A

6.58 m3

183
Q

What is the density of an iron block weighing 5 Newton with a volume of 200 cm3?

A

2549.30 kg/m3

184
Q

What is the specific volume of air at a pressure of 22.22 psia and temperature of 800 deg R?

A

13.33 ft3/lbm

185
Q

What is the specific weight of mercury with a specific gravity of 13.55?

A

132.88 kN/m3

186
Q

What is the equivalent weight of a mass of 10 kg at an acceleration of gravity of 9.77 m/sec2?

A

97.7 N

187
Q

Calculate the minimum volume tank necessary to transport 100 liters of gas at 80°F and 8 atm.

A

13.72 liters

188
Q

What is the specific volume of a mixture of 100 g of water and 150 g of alcohol?

A

1.16 x 10-3 cu.m/kg

189
Q

How much does 30 lbm weigh on the moon with gmoon = 5.47 ft/s2?

A

5.1 lbf

190
Q

What is the change in potential energy for a 10 kg block raised vertically 3 meters?

A

294.2 J

191
Q

Convert 100 gallons of liquid to cubic meters.

A

0.3785 m3

192
Q

What is the horsepower output of a steam turbine receiving 1014 lbm/hr of steam with work done of 251 Btu/lbm?

A

100 Hp

193
Q

What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and 200°F is heated to 800°F?

A

28.64 psia

194
Q

How many grams of CO2 are contained in a bicycle tire with a volume of 600 cm3 and pressure of 551.43 kPa?

A

5.98 g

195
Q

What is the height of a vertical column of water with an absolute pressure of 15.5 psia?

A

22.15 in.

196
Q

What is the work done in pushing a fluid across a boundary called?

A

Flow Energy

197
Q

What is the energy balance equation for a steady flow process?

A

Energy (in) = Energy (out)

198
Q

Convert a water temperature rise of 18°F to degrees Celsius.

A

10 oC

199
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of an oil storage tank with specific gravity 0.88 and depth 20 meters?

A

1.76 kg/cm2

200
Q

What height will a vertical column of water be supported by standard atmospheric pressure?

A

33.92 ft

201
Q

What is the equivalent specific weight of a liquid with a specific weight of 60 lb/ft3 in kN/m3?

A

9.42 kN/m3

202
Q

What pressure does a 150 lbf cylinder exert on the floor with a cross-sectional area of 40 square inches?

A

0.2586 bar

203
Q

What law states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but can change forms?

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

204
Q

What is the absolute pressure exerted on a submarine cruising 300 ft below the sea surface with specific gravity of seawater 1.03?

A

148.60 psia

205
Q

What is the mass flow rate through a nozzle with an inlet area of 80 cm2, air density of 2.21 kg/m3, and velocity of 30 m/s?

A

0.5304 kg/s

206
Q

Calculate the work required to accelerate an 800-kg car from rest to 100 km/h.

A

308.64 kJ

207
Q

Heat is defined as a form of energy that is transferred due to a _______.

A

Temperature difference

208
Q

Find the speed of a 3220-lbm body after it falls 778 ft from rest.

A

223.75 ft/s

209
Q

What is the flow rate through a pipe 4 inches in diameter carrying water at a velocity of 11 ft/sec?

A

430.84 gpm

210
Q

If the specific weight of a liquid is 58.5 lbf per cubic foot, what is its specific volume in cm3/g?

A

1.0675 cm3/g

211
Q

What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 0.3 psig and 200°F is heated at constant volume to 800°F?

A

28.64 psia

212
Q

Axial fans are best suitable for which application?

A

Large flow, low head

213
Q

What is the equation used to relate pressures and temperatures in a fluid system?

A

P1/T1 = P2/T2

This equation is used for calculating pressures and temperatures in relation to each other in thermodynamic processes.

214
Q

What is the most suitable application for axial fans?

A

Large flow, low head

Axial fans are designed to move large volumes of air at low pressure.

215
Q

Which type of axial fan is most efficient?

A

Vane axial

Vane axial fans are equipped with blades that can be adjusted for maximum efficiency.

216
Q

What device maintains constant rotative speed in a hydraulic turbine under varying load?

A

Governor

A governor adjusts the gate openings to maintain speed.

217
Q

What is the purpose of a penstock in a hydraulic system?

A

To carry water from reservoir intake to a reaction turbine

A penstock is a crucial component in hydroelectric systems.

218
Q

How does the efficiency of forward curved centrifugal fans compare to backward curved fans?

A

Lower

Forward curved fans typically have lower efficiency than backward curved fans.

219
Q

What does BEP stand for in pump operation?

A

Best Efficiency Point

Operating near BEP ensures optimal performance and longevity of the pump.

220
Q

What is used to prevent shock or water hammering in a penstock?

A

Surge Tank

Surge tanks act as buffers to absorb pressure changes.

221
Q

Which fan type is more suitable for high pressure applications?

A

Backward curved centrifugal fan

This type of fan can handle higher pressures effectively.

222
Q

What characterizes a Francis type centrifugal pump impeller?

A

Wide passages for water and an outside to eye diameter ratio of about 1.5

Francis pumps are versatile and widely used in various applications.

223
Q

What is the purpose of a mechanical seal in a centrifugal pump?

A

To maintain an air tight seal as the impeller shaft passes

Mechanical seals prevent leakage and maintain pressure.

224
Q

What shape do pump performance characteristic curves for two identical pumps in series take?

A

B

The curves demonstrate flow and head characteristics when pumps are combined.

225
Q

What component converts velocity energy to pressure head in a centrifugal pump?

A

Diffuser

The diffuser plays a crucial role in converting kinetic energy into pressure.

226
Q

If two identical centrifugal pumps are installed in parallel, what happens to the flow rate?

A

It is doubled

Parallel installation increases the total flow capacity.

227
Q

What type of valve is used to prevent backflow in a fluid pipe?

A

Check Valve

Check valves ensure fluid flows in one direction only.

228
Q

What type of pump is characterized by vortex and periphery designs?

A

Turbine (Regenerative) Pumps

These pumps are designed for specific applications requiring high efficiency.

229
Q

Which type of pump does not belong to the group: Screw Rotary Pump, Diaphragm Pump, Direct Acting Steam Pump, Centrifugal Pump?

A

Centrifugal Pump

The other types are positive displacement pumps, while centrifugal pumps work differently.

230
Q

What material is preferred for impellers handling average waters?

A

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is resistant to rust and easy to machine.

231
Q

What is a single-stage or multistage centrifugal pump with a pumping element suspended from discharge piping called?

A

Vertical Turbine Pump

These pumps are often used in deep well applications.

232
Q

What type of pumps are intended for handling thick pulps and sewage sludge?

A

Lobe pumps

These pumps can handle viscous and solid-laden fluids.

233
Q

What is the principal pumping member of a rotary pump?

A

Rotor

The rotor is essential for the pump’s mechanical action.

234
Q

What is the relationship of the capacity of a centrifugal pump, Q, to impeller diameter, D?

A

Q is directly proportional to the square of D

This relationship shows how impeller size affects flow capacity.

235
Q

What is the relationship of horsepower, P, to impeller speed, N, in a centrifugal pump?

A

P is directly proportional to the cube of N

This indicates how power requirements increase with speed.

236
Q

Which hydraulic turbine is suitable for low head applications?

A

Kaplan turbine

Kaplan turbines are designed for low head and high flow scenarios.

237
Q

If two identical centrifugal pumps are installed in series, what happens to the system flow rate?

A

Remains the same

Series installation increases head but not flow rate.

238
Q

What phenomenon occurs when pump inlet suction pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid?

A

Cavitation

Cavitation can lead to damage and inefficiency in pumps.

239
Q

What is the process called when a centrifugal pump fills its suction line to remove air?

A

Priming

Priming is necessary for the pump to operate correctly.

240
Q

Which type of pump does not belong to the group: gear pump, vane pump, screw pump, diaphragm pump?

A

Diaphragm pump

Diaphragm pumps are positive displacement pumps, while the others are typically rotary.

PIPE (1 decks)

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