Elementary Statistics

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Summarizing information in a convient form

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

Using the same data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, etc. from a large amount of information

Question 3

Unit

Answer 3

What or who we are studying

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

A subset of the population

Question 5

Representative Sample

Answer 5

Sample with characteristics similar to the population

Question 6

Simple Random Sample

Answer 6

Every member of the population had an equivalent chance to make it to the sameple

Question 7

Sampling Error

Answer 7

Discrepancies in the random sample that don’t represent the population

Question 8

Sampling Bias

Answer 8

Error caused by nonrandom sample

Question 9

Variable

Answer 9

characteristic of the unit we are interested in studying

Question 10

Selection Bias

Answer 10

Individuals choosing whether or not to be part of the sample or people only answering if they loved/hate something - no between

Question 11

Non-Response Bias

Answer 11

Individuals who are unwilling or unable to take part in the research study (ex. forgotten surveys)

Question 12

Measurement Error

Answer 12

Inaccuracies in the values being recorded

Question 13

Quantitative

Answer 13

Data that are numeric

Question 14

Qualitative

Answer 14

Data that are categories

Question 15

Discrete

Answer 15

Countable/Definable number of options

Question 16

Continuous

Answer 16

Infinite number of options

Question 17

Published Source

Answer 17

Find our data that someone else found and published it

Question 18

Experiment

Answer 18

Experimenter has control collecting data

Question 19

Survey Techniques

Answer 19

Questionnaires, problems: someone has to write the surveys which could create bias

Question 20

Observationally

Answer 20

Experimenter with a clipboard collecting data

Question 21

Mean

Answer 21

Average of the data

Question 22

Median

Answer 22

Middle number of the dataset

Question 23

Mode

Answer 23

Most frequent occurrence in the data set

Question 24

Skewed Right

Answer 24

Median > Mean

Question 25

Skewed Left

Answer 25

Median < Mean

Question 26

Symmetric

Answer 26

Median = Mean

Question 27

Deviation

Answer 27

Distance from a point to the mean

Question 28

Percentile Rank

Answer 28

The observation set where the number p percent of the observation are below

Question 29

Z-score

Answer 29

How many standard deviations an observation is from the mean

Question 30

Outlier

Answer 30

Lies outside of our general data set
|z| >= 3 is considered an _____