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T-Level Education And Childcare > Element 7: Child Development > Flashcards

Element 7: Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What does child development refer to?

A

the physical, cognitive, emotional and social growth that occurs throughout a child and young person’s life

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2
Q

What are the areas of development? (PILES)

A

Physical, Intellectual, Language, Emotional, Social

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3
Q

What does the term “holistic” mean?

A

Overall or all round; the idea that the parts of something are interconnected so looking at the whole rather than each individual part.

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4
Q

What is physical development?

A

The process that starts in human infancy and continues into late adolescent concentrating on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty.

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5
Q

What does physical development involve?

A

It involves taking control over the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination.

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6
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

They’re large body movements made with arms, legs, feet or entire body.

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7
Q

Examples of gross motor skills:

A

Crawling, Running, Jumping, Balance >locomotive skills

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8
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

They’re smaller actions using hand-eye coordination.

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9
Q

Examples of fine motor skills:

A

Pincer grasp, Tripod grasp

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10
Q

What is neurological development?

A

It is how the brain develops and makes neurological pathways that influence performance or functioning.

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11
Q

Examples of neurological skills:

A

reading ability, social skills, memory, attention, focus skills

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12
Q

What is cognitive development? What does it include?

A

It is the construction of thought processes and perception including: remembering (short and long term memory), problem solving (reasoning), decision making (making judgements), imagination (creativity/pretend play), neurological (brain development).

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13
Q

When does cognitive development take place?

A

From childhood, through adolescence to adulthood.

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14
Q

What is sensory perception?

A

the way the senses provide constant feedback to the brain

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15
Q

What is language development?

A

this is about being able to understand what others say, as well as being able to speak and make yourself understood. It is also about processing language, linking to experience and knowledge, adapting to a situation or audience. It is also about learning to read and write.

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16
Q

Does language development include non-verbal communication as well as verbal communication?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is emotional development?

A

It is the emergence of a child’s experience, expression, understanding, and regulation of emotions from birth through to late adolescence.

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18
Q

What is social development?

A

It is the process by which a child learns to react with others around them and make friends.

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19
Q

As children develop and perceive their own individuality, what skills do they start to gain?

A

Communication with other people and processing their actions.

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20
Q

What is the result of communicating with others?

A

Forming relationships.

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21
Q

What are the 3 prime areas of EYFS?

A

personal, social and emotional development
communication and language development
physical development

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22
Q

What are the 4 specific areas of EYFS?

A

literacy
mathematics
expressive art and design
understanding the world

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23
Q

What does the term “developmental norms” mean?

A

Standards by which the progress of a child’s development can be measured.

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24
Q

Example of developmental norms:

A

The average age at which a child walks, learns to talk or reaches puberty would be such a standard. These would be used to judge whether the child is progressing normally.

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25
What does the term "milestones" mean?
A significant stage or event in the development of something (a child).
26
What is an example of a milestone?
A child going from communicating with grunts and gestures to communicating with prepositional phrases.
27
What does the term "whole group discussion" mean?
a pedagogical strategy that involves having all members of the class discuss a topic as a group
28
What defines "developmental surveillance"?
Skilled observations made by the pediatrician of a child and their family that takes into account parental concerns and the child's developmental history
29
How often should a developmental surveillance be performed?
By every pediatrician at every visit
30
What is developmental screening?
The use of a standardised objective measure that is given to the parent to assess development.
31
How often is developmental screening recommended?
At least 3 times, at 9 months, 18 months and 24 months.
32
Why is it important to monitor a child's development?
So we can recognise potential delays on development that might indicate a developmental concern. Early recognition then allows us to address and treat development delays.
33
What is meant by "normative patterns of development"?
The sequence and ages at which most children and young people broadly reach key milestones in their development.
34
What is a "neonate"?
newly born baby
35
What does a neonate have before it gains control of its body?
reflexes
36
What are reflexes?
physical movements or reactions that the baby makes without consciously intending to do
37
Name the reflexes associated with the development of babies
rooting, sucking, grasping, standing and stepping, startle/moro, tonic neck
38
How do the reflexes exhibited by babies tell us about how they are developing?
the presence and strength of a reflex is an important sign of nervous system development and function
39
How can gross motor skills inform practitioners about a child or young person's physical development?
the more confident and coordinated children are in gross motor skills, the quicker they will develop their fine motor skills.
40
How can fine motor skills inform practitioners about a child or young person's physical development?
fine motor skills improve the child's motor control and hand-eye coordination. These skills allow the child to eat, write, manipulate objects and get dressed.
41
Why would the playing of a violin not be appropriate for a child under the age of 4?
Because a child won't have the fine motor skills by them to be able to press down on the strings.
42
What are the 7 areas of social and emotional development?
developing emotions learning to express feelings developing behaviours and self control developing relationships including bonding and attachments and friendships/peer groups learning to cooperate and follow instructions developing slef concepts (who am I?) moral developmet
43
True or False? Social and emotional development is an umbrella term?
True
44
True or False? 11 year olds may express themselves/experiment with identity through appearance (e.g. dress, hairstyles, body piercings)
False. This applies to the 13-19 age band.
45
True or False? At 6-7 years, a child has usually learned how to behave in various settings and social situations (e.g. home, school, play club, friend's house)
true
46
T or F? At 4 months, increasing mobility allows a baby to approach people. He or she also understands that a carer who leaves the room will return.
False. This applies to 9 month old babies.
47
T or F? At 3 months, a baby may stop trying to interact if a carer does not respond. If this continues, it can seriously affect the baby's social and emotional development and wellbeing.
True
48
What does "morality" describe?
Our values and principles, which inform our behaviour and decisions.
49
What is the strong link between morality and cognitive development?
Before a person can develop values and principles, they must be able to think about the issues and make decisions about them.
50
REFLEXES -rooting
is an involuntary response to stimulation of their mouth. It helps the baby find a nipple to feed. Babies are born with this to help them to survive.
51
REFLEXES - sucking
when something touches a baby's palate, he or she will start to suck it
52
REFLEXES - grasping
a handholding response. Clenching their fingers once an object has made contact with the palm and close.
53
REFLEXES - startle/moro
a normal reflex when an infant is startled or feels like they're falling. The infant will have a startled look and the arms will fling out sideways with the palms up and thumbs flexed.
54
REFLEXES - standing and stepping
the muscles of their legs contract in a straight, standing position when the balls of their feet make contact with a solid surface. A baby appears to take steps when held upright with their feet touching a solid surface.
55
REFLEXES - tonic neck
when a baby is lying down and their head is turned to the right or left, the corresponding arm extends while the other arm bends next to their head.
56
MILESTONES -newborn-1 month
responds to visual or auditory stimuli sucks in a coordinated fashion fixes briefly on faces or objects
57
anticipatory guidance -newborn-1 month
discuss how newborns learn by hearing parents speak to them and examining their faces. talk about attachment and promote the important role of the new parent in a child's development.
58
MILESTONES - 2 months
lifts head/chest when prone social smile tracks horizontally with gaze stays alert for longer
59
MILESTONES - 4 months
rolls front to back uses sounds to communicate laughs, orients to parents voice hands to midline grasps objects
60
anticipatory guidance - 4 months
Now that a child is rolling, falls are more of a risk. Never leave the baby unattended on a bed or couch.
61
MILESTONES - 6 months
sits with minimal support babbles reaches for caregivers and toys transfers objects from one hand to another
62
anticipatory guidance - 6 months
start child-proofing the home as the child is starting to move around more and explore the environment
63
red flag - 6 months
persistent primitive reflexes (moro, tonic neck, fisting) beyond 6 months should warrant further evaluation
64
MILESTONES - 9 months
pulls to stand, cruises says "mama", "dada" (non specifically) immature pincer grasp turns pages in board book object permanence separation anxiety
65
anticipatory guidance - 9 months
since the child is picking up smaller items, discuss choking risks talk about separation anxiety
66
MILESTONES - 12 months
says "mama" and "dada" to the correct person(s) one word in addition to "mama" and "dada" pointing joint attention first steps more developed pincer grasp follows simple commands
67
red flags - 12 months
hand preference before age 1 minimal response to name
68
MILESTONES - 15 months
3-6 word vocabulary points to objects feeds self with spoon and cup stoops and recovers scribbles with pens, crayons, pencils etc.
69
anticipatory guidance - 15 months
discuss how to handle tantrums
70
red flag - 15 months
no words or pointing
71
MILESTONES - 18 months
5-10 word vocabulary points to 1 body part imitates those around them stacks 3 blocks runs
72
red flags - 18 months
doesn't point to show things to others can't walk doesn't imitate doesn't gain new words doesn't notice when caregiver leaves or returns
73
MILESTONES - 2 years
2 word phrases 50 word vocabulary (50% understood) turns thin pages follows 2-step commands goes down stairs 2 feet at a time feeds self with spoon and fork stacks 6 blocks jumps with 2 feet parallel play draws a line
74
red flags - 2 years
doesn't use 2 word phrases doesn't know what to do with common things doesn't imitate actions or words doesn't follow simple instructions doesn't work steadily loses skills it once had
75
MILESTONES - 3 years
goes up and down stairs with alternating feet peddles a tricycle draws circles stacks 9 blocks uses pronouns correctly 3-word sentences (75% understood) puts on shoes, undresses self, brushes teeth knows name, age, colours toilet trained during the day interactive, imaginary, group play
76
red flags - 3 years
not playing pretend or not playing with other children falling frequently no 3-word phrases repetitive behaviours
77
MILESTONES - 4 years
draws square or cross hops on 1 foot can manipulate buttons 100% of language understood answers "What?" and "When?" plays cooperatively in a group knows at least 4 colours
78
red flags - 4 years
difficulties with feeding, sleeping or toileting speech is not clear doesn't follow 3-part commands doesn't speak in short sentences
79
MILESTONES - 5 years
skips asks "Why?" ties their shoes draws triangle counts to 10 writes their name draws person with head and body parts knows address, birthday, phone numbers knows left and right knows alphabet follows 3-step commands
80
red flags - 5 years
cannot perform basic skills independently (such as getting dressed) difficulty attending to an activity for more than 5 minutes doesn't talk about daily activities or experiences extreme behaviour
81

T-Level Education And Childcare (2 decks)

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