Element 4 - Fire Protection In Buildings Flashcards
Give 6 elements of a structure as according to approved document b
Structural frame Load bearing walls Floor Gallery External wall Compartment wall
8 reasons compartmentation is used to inhibit the spread of fire
Physical barrier
Contains fire to zone of origin for a time
Reduces amount of people at risk
Reducded travel distance
Reduces spread of smoke and heat
Reduces chance of smoke entering fire routes
Enables phased evacuation
Provides safe refuges for vulnerable people
4 classes of fire retardent materials
1 - very low flame spread
2 - low
3 medium
4 rapid
5 materials that limit spread of fire
Brickwork Mineral fibre board Block work Skimmed plasterboard Fire retardent coatings
Give 2 things In relation to lining materials that should be considered when selecting them
Ignition point
How fast the flames will spread across it .
How much smoke is produced
How fast heat is released from the material
6 considerations of stairs to be used as an escape route
Closed fire doors
No combustible materials
Width of stairs not narrower than the exit
Wide stairs should have a centre rail as well as sides
Slip resistant and In good condition
Stairways protected by fire resistant material
8 things to consider in relation to emg routes and exits
Must lead as directly as possible to a place of safety
Evacuate quickly and safely
Number and size of emg routes must be adequate
Emg doors must open in direction of escape
Not use sliding or revolving doors
Emg doors must not be locked
Must have signs
Emg lighting
Where must a final exit lead to
A place of total safety
Define horizontal evacuation
Staged evacuation one area at a time
How do we help disabled people evacuate during fire
3 marks
Peeps
Personal emg evacuation plans
Evacuation lifts
Refuges
Give 5 types of fire alarm
Manual - shouting Manual electrical - break glass buttons Automatic fire alarm - goes off when smoke or heat detected Voice alarm - recorded message Staff alarm system
Manual electrical fire alarm considerations
8 marks
Siting Distance Uniformity throughout premises Safe position Conspicuous Height Operation - same operation across building Cover to stop being knocked accidentally
Describe 5 types of fire detection
Spot - static covering a certain area of the building
Line - heat detector cables around specific area
Beam- covers large areas usually infra red
Sampling air samples from an area
Video scanning- large areas
2 types of smoke detector
Ionization chamber - Chemical reacts with smoke and decreases electrical current tripping the alarm
Photo electric cell
When light is obscured by smoke alarm goes off
2 types of heat detectors
Fixed
Rate of rise 1
Give 5 types of life risk alarm system
L1 - total coverage of premises
L2 - detection in high risk areas only
L3 - detection in all rooms off escape route
L4 - areas where fire may grow undetected
L5 - non prescriptive areas other than L1 - L4
Give two examples of property risk alarms
P1 - automatic detection throughout entire building
P2 - automatic detection in designated areas
Other than life and property risk alarms what is there?
Manual systems - push alarms
8 things that can cause a false alarm
Steam Dust Aerosol sprays Cigarette smoke Cooking Malfunction Hot works Horseplay False alarms with good intent ie seeing smoke
What should be considered when placing fire extinguishers
8 marks
Convenient place Easy to access- not obstructed Ready for immediate use Carrying handle about a metre off the floor Not more than 30m away Conspicuous on exit route Signage Same position on all floors
5 types of sprinkler system
Wet pipe- water in pipe
Dry pipe- no water stored in pipe
Alternate wet and dry - dry in winter to stop freezing wet in summer
Tail end - parts of system that can freeze are kept dry
Pre action- dry system that becomes wet as heat rises
7 main parts of a sprinkler system.
Main supply pipe Water tank Pump Control valves Pressure gauge Distribution pipes Sprinkler heads
8 types of flooding or drencher systems
Co2 Nitrogen Water mist Foam High expansion foam Dry powder Inert gases fm200
4 considerations for fire fighter crews accessing a site
Vehicle access
Access for personnel - lifts and stairs
Fire main in tall buildings
Venting for heat and smoke in basements
4 ways to limit the impact of a fire on the environment
Prevention of fire Detection Containment of fire water Bunds Tanks Sacrificial area Booms Drain seals
Mitigation- using less water
