Element 1 Flashcards
Outline (Drilling muds)
Are used to cut down friction on drilling deep holes, Many function but particlr as as lubricant ,act as a Carrier for the matrl to through take plc suspend & carr 2 the surface! Can be water base/non Wtr base, or may contain minerals or totally synthetic nature.
Give …Nitrogen
Asphyxiation at hight concentration *Produces cold burn!
liquefied Pipe freezing and pipe PURGING !
Give…Oxygen - tio joao
*React violently with Oil and Greases Non flamm but wll encorg combustn Enrichment can lead to fire and explosion *Used it with a fl gases on welding & brn to intsf cmbst *Abs und clot smpl sprk can flash burn
Give …Hydrogen
*Highly Fl and Expl * The range of concentration vary bet 4.9% - 75% * Lighter Th air and form Exp mix rapidly *Easy Ig by Low Ener sparks * Can asphyxiate
Give… Hydro Sulphide
Tox and Flamm gas Wht exp mx ovr a wid rng of cotrtion btw 4% - 46% ! Bad oddor, paralysis sence of smell !
$$Outline ( LPG )
High Flmble & Expl * Forms a Expl mx wht air * It’s FEEDSTOCK for Chimical and Ptrleum mnfctres, as well Gs for hting , cking, fuel in welding and cut * No tx but asphixnt * colourless and odourless * Frost burn have than air.
$$Outline ( LNG )
High Flmble & Expl ! Forms a Expl mx wht air ! It’s FEEDSTOCK for Chimical and Ptrleum mnfctres, as well Gs for heating , cking, fuel in welding and cut ! No tx but asphixnt ! colourless and odourless … ( Nadadora mortal .sereia) F bite ! P fire ! Bleves in vssl failure, vpor can igt bck
$$Lower Flammable Limit ( LFL )
The lowest conct the flamm sub in the air that is sfnt to allow cmbstn to occr! Below the (lfl ), the mxt is to lean to burn
$$Up Flammable limit ( UFL )
The highest conct the f in the air that is sfnt to allow cmbstn to occr! above the (Ufl ), the mxt is to rich to burn
Give …*Flammable flash point
* High Flammable flash point
* Extremely flash point
Flammble : Arnd ambient temp 21% to 55%
High Flamm:Liq tht Hv a Flas poin below anb temp 21% -
Ext Flamm : Liq f.p. below 0 & boiling pnt less or = 35%
Give …Toxic, * Very Toxic -* Harmful -Corrosive- Irritant
*Sensitising * Carcinogenic
Very Toxic- Prdc srs acute or crnc ill-hlth or dath vry smll D
Toxic- Prdc srs acute or crnc ill-hlth or dath vry small or sml
Harmful -Prdc srs acute or crnc ill-hlth or dath at large dss
Corrosive- destroys lvng tissues by dict chmcl attack
Irritant- Inflammtn in partclr of the mucous membranes
Sensitising - allergic rsonse followng sng act either crnic
Carcinogeni -Growth malg tmr / ccer serius ill hlth or dath
$$ Outline the hazard of Low Specific Activity ( SLUDGES )
Depnd of the ntre of the base been drllng for O&G .they may contemn radioactive mtrial such as Uranium and thorium
* There is a flammable risk
Asbestos (ACM)
May be present onoffsh inst blt bfr 1999
Four element common to health and safety
- Plan- Implies considered policy
- DO - Concern the arrgmt to pt the pln into pactice
- Check - means necessr to asses or monitor perfnc
- Act- mns perfmc should b rviewed to contn imprvmnt in Mnag Syst
What are Four main areas of risk to be deal with in oil and gas processing RISK CONTROL SYSTEM ?
- Prdctn work plc- The field r rig,pl,St,Welfare fclt & accmd *Plant & Sbstnce - The drilling, pumpng,transp,stored *Procedures - Wrk & Shift patterns,job design
- People - Managmt & leadership, training & H surveillnc
$$Outline the meaning of Qualitative Risk Assessment
- Specified actvty ! * Specified Ppl & Envrmt ! * Classifc of ppl and the envimnt ! * Classcn of the Likhd and sverty
$$Outline the meaning of Quantitative Risk Assessment
- Specified actvty ! * Specified Ppl & Envrmt ! * Classifc of ppl and the envimnt ! * Classcn of the Likhd and sverty
- Apply mthds to prdc numerical reprsnttion *Enbls Comp of the rslt wth specified numcl criteria.
Bow - Tie - Diagram
Normally plcd btwm the INITIATING EVENT and the RELEASE and its CONSEQUENCES
* The barrier r plcd to prevnt, cntrl or mitigate the out cm of the evnt ans r know as Line of Defence or Layer of protection
$$What main area does Safety Report cover ?
Total of 6 !* Identfctn of major accdnt hazards
- Evltion of mjr accdt risk and Msre taken contrl these Rsk
- Arrangmnt for audit and audit report
- Major accdnt prevention policies
- Identifctn of saft critcl elmnts in plc to manage mj inc hz
- Detail of emergency plan
Outline what is meaning by (Inherently safe design )
Engineers usd a variety techniques to rdce risk tr design
Identify ( Name & Elaborate ) Tree principle of Inherently safe design
- Hazard elimination= Elmnt use of HZds mtral , sbist for less hzrds, discont the oprtn
- Conseqnce Reduction = Redct qnt of hzrds material, substit for lss Hzrds, Discontinue the opertm
- Likelihood redctm = rdce ptncl for human error true smpl design, control ign source , provide redundancy alms
$$$Safety case
ligaly req in some countries in offshore inst, in UK all of ofsh inst in required to prep after 2005
* Demonstr that the D holdr is cap of contrl mjr incindt risk effectively * core doc for checking that rsk contl and saft mang systems are in plc and opert as they should
The main purpose of accident investigate ?
Identify the immed and Root cause of the incidente
*Incident R usually cause by Unsafe acts & unsafe cond of thr wrk plc, often raise from underlying and Root causes
What are the four steps of accident investigate ?
- Gather fact inf about the event
- Analyse info and draw concl about the I and R cause
- Identify the suitable and correct messures
- Plan the remedial action
