Element 1 Flashcards
What is the basic building block of the vine
Glucose
What are the 3 most important needs of a vine?
Sunlight
Water
CO2
What is the peak temp for vine growth?
22-25C
Above this the vine’s metabolic needs increase faster than its ability to photosynthesize sugars so it’s growth slows
What is considered a cool climate
An average mean temperature below 16C
Chard and pinot thrive due to early ripening
What is considered a moderate climate
Average mean temp 16.5-18.5C
Intermediate ripening varieties i.e. Cab, merlot, Sangiovese
What is considered a warm climate
18.5 - 21C
Grenache, Mourvèdre, Ruby Cabernet
What is considered a hot climate
Average growing temp above 21C
What is a maritime climate
Low annual range of temperature. Relatively high rainfall, usually near a large body of water
What is a Mediterranean climate
Low annual range of temperatures. Dry summers, most rain coming in the winter
What is a continental climate
Wide annual temperature range. Hot summer cold winter. Usually away from water
What is a tropical climate?
Minimal temperature variation. Seasons defined by factors such as rain. Usually not suited for fine wine growing
How does warm air effect the middle of a slope
Dense sinking cold air moves downhill pushing less dense warmer air up the hill. Above the warm areas the temperature drops again
What are 2 benefits of vegetation
Wind break
Store heat
Reduce erosion
Name 3 affects temperature has on the quality of a wine grape crop
Level of yield
Accumulation of sugars and reduction of acidity
Development of wine aromas and their precursors
Name 3 affects of temperature on the yield of a vineyard
Vigour
Number of flowers and their size
Success of flowers setting into berries
In EU what are the minimal potential abv% and maximum must enrichment for regions A-C
A 5%abv +3.5-11.5% (12% for reds) B 6% abv + 2.5-12% (12.5% for reds) C1a 7.5% abv + 2-12.5% C1b 8% abv + 2-12.5% C2 8.5% abv + 2-13% C3a 9% abv + 2-13.5% C3b 9% abv + 2-13.5%
How are particles in soil graded by their diameter?
0 < clay < 0.002 < silt < 0.02 < fine sand < 0.2 < sand < 2 gravel < 2+
Name 5 major soil types
Limestone Chalk Slate Granite Volcanic rock
What are the 6 major elements of soil nutrients?
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Sulfur Magnesium
What are the pH values of soil?
4-6.9pH= acid 7pH = neutral 7.1-8.5pH = alkaline
What are the 4 phases of grape development?
Herbaceous phase
Veraison
Maturation
Sur-maturation
What compound increases phenolic compounds
Anthocyanins
What are the main constituents of grapevine berry juice
Water 80%
Sugars and carbs 20%
Acids 1%
Phenolic compounds 0.1%
Name 5 types of irrigation
Flood irrigation Fixed and traveling sprinklers Under canopy systems Drip systems Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) Partial root zone drying (PRD)
