Electrotherapy (Paraffin Wax )

Question 1

About paraffin wax?

Answer 1

It is a convenient and effective way of applying conducted heat to the extremities..

Low melting point of 55 degree Celsius paraffin wax is used.

• paraffin mineral oil is added to the melted wax to keep it liquid at lower tempt of 40-44 degree Celsius ).
• wax has a low thermal conductivity therefore gives heat off slowly.
• the wax is self insulating
• the first layer of wax creates a thin layer of air next to the skin.(no absolute contact) act as an insulator

Question 2

Describe paraffin wax bath

Answer 2

• The wax is placed in a bath and it comes In different sizes and shape.
• the bath consist of electrical heating element with a large water jacket around the tank.

-the bath heat unit is thermostatically controlled even though one should not depend on this to determine the tempt.
(Thermometer reading should be taken)

• the bottom is covered with bakelite slats to prevent the patient from coming in contact with it.
• for treatment the wax is heated to temp of 49 degree Celsius and applied to the part.

Question 3

Physiological and therapeutic effects

Answer 3

1. Heat production : marked increase in skin temperature for the first 2min up to 12-13 degrees Celsius .
   The temp drops to 8 degrees at the end of 30min
   Subcutaneous tissue(5 degree)
   Superficial (2-3 deg).
2. Circulatory effect: stimulation of superficial capillaries and arterioles causes local hyperaemia and reflex vasodilation.

3.Analgesic effect: sedative effect on tissues , The moist heat is remarkably soothing.
Effect can be utilized prior to exercise.

4. Stretching effect:
   Wax leaves the skin soft,moist and pliable,so it’s useful in stretching scar tissues and adhesions before applying mobilization technique.

Question 4

Indications of using PWB

Answer 4

Pain and muscle spasm 
Oedema and inflammation
Osteoarthritis
Joint stiffness 
Adhesions and scars 
Post- immobilisation stiffness

Question 5

Contraindications

Answer 5

Impaired skin sensation
Skin conditions (eczema ,dermatitis)
Arterial disease
Infections and open wound 
Cancer or tuberculosis

Question 6

Advantages of PWB

Answer 6

1. Has low specific heat capacity which than water which allows the use of higher temperature without the risk of burns
2. Has low thermal conductivity
3. Allows for the even distribution of heat around places like toes and fingers
4. the oil brings about skin moisture
5. The wax traps air which encourages the even distribution of heat.
6. Wax is malleable after removal
7. Comfortable
8. Can mould round the bony contour of hands and feet.
9. can be carried out at home for chronic sufferer.
10. inexpensive to replace the wax

Question 7

Disadvantages of PWB

Answer 7

It most effective for distal extremities

It most effective treatment technique is bath method which is good for distal path but limits other area of the body.

No temperature control once applied last only for 20min

Passive treatment :exercise cannot be done simultaneously

Contamination of the wax by dust can take place if not properly covered

Bath must be cleaned regularly and emptied at least twice a year.