Electrotherapy (E-Stim)

Question 1

Avoid electrode placement over

Answer 1

• Carotid artery
• Eyes
• Gonads
• Near the heart (pacemaker)
• Internally
• Bony prominence
• Turn the current on and addict the
• Intensity slowly

Question 2

Mere(Amp)

Answer 2

rate at which electrical current flows or the amount of energy flowing; denoted as milliamperes (mA) or microamperes (A)

Question 3

Ohm

Answer 3

measure of resistance
Increase resistance = decrease amp and vice versa

Question 4

Voltage(volts)

Answer 4

what makes electric charges move; electrons move from an area of high electrons to low electrons

Question 5

Watt

Answer 5

Amount of electrical power generated

Question 6

Conductance

Answer 6

the ease at which current flows along a medium

Question 7

What materials in the body has poor conductance?

Answer 7

Adipose tissue or body fat

Question 8

How will you adjust electrical stimulation if the patient has an excessive amount of adipose tissue?

Answer 8

Increase intensity

Question 9

Direct Current (DC) or monophonic

Answer 9

Unidirectional flow of electrons

Question 10

Alternating Current (AC) or biphasic

Answer 10

Flow is bi-directional; changes direction from positive to negative

Question 11

Pulsatile Current (PC)

Answer 11

Flow can be unidirectional or bidirectional; groups of electrons can be interrupted

Question 12

Low Frequency

Answer 12

individual fiber twitches in a muscle

Question 13

High Frequency

Answer 13

a muscle unit contraction
Muscle fatigue will increase as frequency increase

Question 14

Pulse or Phase Duration

Answer 14

The length of time an electrical current is flowing during 1 cycle

Question 15

Amplitude (amperes):

Answer 15

Intensity will vary from patient to patient and vary based on the goal

Question 16

On/Off times

Answer 16

Used with certain stimulation to reduce amount of fatigue to a muscle

Question 17

Ramp Time

Answer 17

allows stim intensity to gradually increase to desired point

Question 18

Action potentials can trigger other action potentials down the line – this is called

Answer 18

Propagation.

Question 19

Speed of nerve conduction: dependent on:

Answer 19

Size or diameter of neuron
Myelination

Question 20

Conventional TENS

Answer 20

Gate control
Short lived relief
only daytime

Question 21

Acupunture TENS

Answer 21

muscle contraction
20-30 minutes
effect last 1-2 hrs

Question 22

Burst TENSE

Answer 22

Noxious stimuli
Gate control theory
effect last several hours

Question 23

IFC treatment time

Answer 23

20-30 minutes

Question 23

IFC 2 channels of Curren that interfere with each other

Answer 23

1 channel at low high frequency
1 channel at high frequency

Question 24

ICF intensity

Answer 24

increase until pt reports pleasant tingling feeling

Question 25

ICF beat frequency

Answer 25

the difference between the high and low current; determine by GOAL of the treatment

Question 26

ICF Goal pain relief

Answer 26

50-130 Hz

Question 27

ICF Muscle contraction Goal

Answer 27

20-50 Hz

Question 28

Sweep setting helps to avoid what?

Answer 28

accommodation(nerves gets used to intensity level)

Question 29

NMES used for

Answer 29

increase muscle strength prevent atrophy re-educate muscle reduce edema decrease ms guarding/spasm increase ROM

Question 30

NMES mechanism of action

Answer 30

All of the motor units in a muscle fiber are electrically stimulated simultaneously

Question 31

Overload principle

Answer 31

the greater the load placed on a muscle & the higher the contractual force – the stronger the muscle will be

Question 32

Specificity theory

Answer 32

NMES will have more of an effect on Type 2 muscle fibers (fast- twitch) since these are the targeted fibers

Question 33

Ramp time

Answer 33

allows current to gradually ramp up to full intensity for a more comfortable experience

Question 34

On:off time: NMES

Answer 34

1:2 or 1:3

Question 35

NMES parameters strengthening

Answer 35

50-80 pps

Question 36

NMES parameters muscle re education

Answer 36

20-50 pps

Question 37

NMES parameters muscle guard/spasm

Answer 37

20-50

Question 38

NMES parameters edema reduction

Answer 38

20-50 pps

Question 39

Russian electrical stimulation

Answer 39

It also increases muscle force (along with strength) * Results in Increased fatigue of the muscle

Question 40

Russian electrical stimulation parameters

Answer 40

10/50 on and off time 10 minutes frequency 25000 pps

Question 41

Nerve increase intensity in what mode

Answer 41

off

Question 42

Russian treatment goals

Answer 42

increase strength increase force prevent atrophy

Question 43

Functional electrical stimulation

Answer 43

Done to help a patient resume a functional movement after: * Damage to peripheral nerve in leg * Damage to spinal cord/brain * CVA

Question 43

Hi Volt electrical stimulation

Answer 43

used for wound care

Question 44

iontophoresis

Answer 44

direct current helps delivered medication through the skin to target tissue

Question 45

Electromyographic Biofeedback

Answer 45

EMG measures the electrical activity generated by a muscle when it contracts