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Physical Agents > Electrotherapy (E-Stim) > Flashcards

Electrotherapy (E-Stim) Flashcards

1
Q

Avoid electrode placement over

A
  • Carotid artery
  • Eyes
  • Gonads
  • Near the heart (pacemaker)
  • Internally
  • Bony prominence
  • Turn the current on and addict the
  • Intensity slowly
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2
Q

Mere(Amp)

A

rate at which electrical current flows or the amount of energy flowing; denoted as milliamperes (mA) or microamperes (A)

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3
Q

Ohm

A

measure of resistance
Increase resistance = decrease amp and vice versa

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4
Q

Voltage(volts)

A

what makes electric charges move; electrons move from an area of high electrons to low electrons

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5
Q

Watt

A

Amount of electrical power generated

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6
Q

Conductance

A

the ease at which current flows along a medium

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7
Q

What materials in the body has poor conductance?

A

Adipose tissue or body fat

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8
Q

How will you adjust electrical stimulation if the patient has an excessive amount of adipose tissue?

A

Increase intensity

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9
Q

Direct Current (DC) or monophonic

A

Unidirectional flow of electrons

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10
Q

Alternating Current (AC) or biphasic

A

Flow is bi-directional; changes direction from positive to negative

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11
Q

Pulsatile Current (PC)

A

Flow can be unidirectional or bidirectional; groups of electrons can be interrupted

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12
Q

Low Frequency

A

individual fiber twitches in a muscle

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13
Q

High Frequency

A

a muscle unit contraction
Muscle fatigue will increase as frequency increase

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14
Q

Pulse or Phase Duration

A

The length of time an electrical current is flowing during 1 cycle

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15
Q

Amplitude (amperes):

A

Intensity will vary from patient to patient and vary based on the goal

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16
Q

On/Off times

A

Used with certain stimulation to reduce amount of fatigue to a muscle

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17
Q

Ramp Time

A

allows stim intensity to gradually increase to desired point

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18
Q

Action potentials can trigger other action potentials down the line – this is called

A

Propagation.

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19
Q

Speed of nerve conduction: dependent on:

A

Size or diameter of neuron
Myelination

20
Q

Conventional TENS

A

Gate control
Short lived relief
only daytime

21
Q

Acupunture TENS

A

muscle contraction
20-30 minutes
effect last 1-2 hrs

22
Q

Burst TENSE

A

Noxious stimuli
Gate control theory
effect last several hours

23
Q

IFC treatment time

A

20-30 minutes

23
Q

IFC 2 channels of Curren that interfere with each other

A

1 channel at low high frequency
1 channel at high frequency

24
Q

ICF intensity

A

increase until pt reports pleasant tingling feeling

25
Q

ICF beat frequency

A

the difference between the high
and low current; determine by GOAL of the treatment

26
Q

ICF Goal pain relief

A

50-130 Hz

27
Q

ICF Muscle contraction Goal

A

20-50 Hz

28
Q

Sweep setting helps to avoid what?

A

accommodation(nerves gets used to intensity level)

29
Q

NMES used for

A

increase muscle strength
prevent atrophy
re-educate muscle
reduce edema
decrease ms guarding/spasm
increase ROM

30
Q

NMES mechanism of action

A

All of the motor units in a muscle fiber are electrically stimulated simultaneously

31
Q

Overload principle

A

the greater the load placed on a muscle & the higher the contractual force – the stronger the muscle will be

32
Q

Specificity theory

A

NMES will have more of an effect on Type 2 muscle fibers (fast- twitch) since these are the targeted fibers

33
Q

Ramp time

A

allows current to gradually ramp up
to full intensity for a more comfortable experience

34
Q

On:off time: NMES

A

1:2 or 1:3

35
Q

NMES parameters strengthening

A

50-80 pps

36
Q

NMES parameters muscle re education

A

20-50 pps

37
Q

NMES parameters muscle guard/spasm

A

20-50

38
Q

NMES parameters edema reduction

A

20-50 pps

39
Q

Russian electrical stimulation

A

It also increases muscle force (along with strength)
* Results in Increased fatigue of the muscle

40
Q

Russian electrical stimulation parameters

A

10/50 on and off time
10 minutes
frequency 25000 pps

41
Q

Nerve increase intensity in what mode

A

off

42
Q

Russian treatment goals

A

increase strength
increase force
prevent atrophy

43
Q

Functional electrical stimulation

A

Done to help a patient resume a functional movement after:
* Damage to peripheral nerve in leg
* Damage to spinal cord/brain
* CVA

43
Q

Hi Volt electrical stimulation

A

used for wound care

44
Q

iontophoresis

A

direct current helps delivered medication through the skin to target tissue

45
Q

Electromyographic Biofeedback

A

EMG measures the electrical activity generated
by a muscle when it contracts

Physical Agents (1 decks)

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