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XRAY 111 > Electrostatics > Flashcards

Electrostatics Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the branch of physics that deals with stationary or resting charges?

A

electrostatics

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2
Q

What are the 3 methods of electrification?

A

friction

contact

induction

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3
Q

What are the 5 laws of electrostatics?

A

Like charges repel/Unlike charges attract (energy)

Coulomb’s Law (Force)

Electric charges are only on external surfaces of conductors

Concentration of charges on a curved surface of a conductor is greatest where curve is greatest

Only negative charges can move on solid conductors

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4
Q

What is an atom with too many or too few electrons called?

A

Ion

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5
Q

What is an ion?

A

an electrically charged particle

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6
Q

How can the maximum # of electrons per shell be determined?

A

Shell number formula = 2n­²

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7
Q

What is the smallest unit of an electric charge?

A

proton (+1) or electron (-1)

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8
Q

Electrons in the K shell are more or less tightly bound than ones in the Q shell?

A

more tightly bound

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of electric charges?

A

positive & negative

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10
Q

What is the process of removing or adding electrons to a body of matter?

A

electrification

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11
Q

T/F. Electric energy can be converted from or to other forms?

A

True

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12
Q

What is an object that is always available to accept electric charges from an electrified object called?

A

neutral or an electric ground

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13
Q

What is the removal of electrons from one object by rubbing it with another object called?

A

Friction

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14
Q

What is it called when 2 objects touch, permitting electrons to move from one object to another (body charged by friction then allowed to touch uncharged object)?

A

Contact

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15
Q

List sources of friction.

A

combing hair

rubbing balloon on sweater

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16
Q

List the result of contact electrification on film.

A

(tree or smudge) static on film

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17
Q

What is it called when electrical fields act on one another without contact?

A

Induction

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18
Q

What are the 4 kinds of electrical conductivity?

A

Non-conductors/insulators

Conductors

Semi-conductors

Superconductors

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19
Q

Do non-conductors/insulators allow the free flow of electrons?

A

no

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20
Q

Do conductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

yes

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21
Q

So semi-conductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

sometimes

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22
Q

Do superconductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

yes, completely but must be very cold

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23
Q

Surrounding every charged body, there is a region in which a force is exerted on another charged body. This zone is called:

A

an electric field

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24
Q

An electric field points inward or outward from a positive charge?

A

outward

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25
An electric field points inward or outward from a negative charge?
inward
26
If you double the distance between 2 charges, how much less attracted are they?
4 times less attracted (inverse square/Coulomb's law)
27
Coulomb's law states what 2 things?
The greater the electrostatic charge on each object, the greater the electrostatic force (they are directly proportional). The electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the distance­² (closer together=stronger attraction and vice versa).
28
Coulomb's Law relates to what?
Force
29
What is the unit of measure for an electrical charge?
Coulomb (C)
30
What is the unit of measure for electrical potential?
Volt (V)
31
What is the unit of measure for electric current?
Amperage (A)
32
What is the unit of measure for electrical resistance?
Ohms (Ω)
33
What is the unit of measure for electrical power?
Watt (W)
34
What is the unit of measure for electrostatic force?
Newtons (N)
35
What is the science of electrostatic charges in motion?
Electrodynamics
36
What is the path over which an electron current flows called?
an electric circuit
37
What are the 3 factors in electric current?
Potential Difference (EMF) Current Resistance
38
What is the difference in electrical potential energy between 2 points in a circuit, due to excess of e­¯ at one point (the difference of potential is what drives the e¯)?
Potential Difference
39
What is the amount of electricity flowing per second called?
Current
40
What is the property which opposes or hinders the flow of electric current?
Resistance
41
What is an example of a resistance?
an insulator
42
Resistance depends on what 4 factors?
material length cross-sectional area temperature
43
If you increase the length, what happens to resistance?
it increases
44
If you increase the cross-sectional area, what happens to resistance?
it decreases (resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area)
45
List 2 superconductor materials.
Niobium & Titanium
46
List 2 conductor materials.
Copper & Aluminum
47
List 2 semi-conductor materials.
Silicon & Germanium
48
List 2 insulator materials.
rubber & glass
49
What is another word for circuit?
pathway
50
What is defined as the flow of charged particles?
electric current
51
What is the power of electric current measured in?
Watts
52
What is the formula to find the power of an electric current?
P=IV Power in Watts=(Amps)(Volts) or P=I²R Power in Watts=(Amps²)(Resistance)
53
Kilo refers to what #?
1,000
54
Milli refers to what #?
1/1,000
55
What is defined as flow in one direction?
direct current
56
What is defined as current that oscillates back & forth?
alternating current
57
Give an example of something that uses direct current.
batteries
58
Give an example of something that uses alternating current.
light bulbs
59
What is the unit of measure for frequency?
Hertz (Hz)
60
AC (alternating current) in the US is how many Hz?
60Hz
61
Each AC (alternating current) cycle of frequency is how fast?
1/60th of a second
62
How often does AC (alternating current) reverse its direction?
1/120th of a second
63
60 AC cycles is how many Hz?
60Hz
64
On an (X,Y) axis used to measure Hertz, the X stands for what?
time
65
On an (X,Y) axis used to measure Hertz, the Y stands for what?
amplitude of current

XRAY 111 (2 decks)

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