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XRAY 111 > Electrostatics > Flashcards

Electrostatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the branch of physics that deals with stationary or resting charges?

A

electrostatics

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2
Q

What are the 3 methods of electrification?

A

friction

contact

induction

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3
Q

What are the 5 laws of electrostatics?

A

Like charges repel/Unlike charges attract (energy)

Coulomb’s Law (Force)

Electric charges are only on external surfaces of conductors

Concentration of charges on a curved surface of a conductor is greatest where curve is greatest

Only negative charges can move on solid conductors

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4
Q

What is an atom with too many or too few electrons called?

A

Ion

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5
Q

What is an ion?

A

an electrically charged particle

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6
Q

How can the maximum # of electrons per shell be determined?

A

Shell number formula = 2n­²

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7
Q

What is the smallest unit of an electric charge?

A

proton (+1) or electron (-1)

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8
Q

Electrons in the K shell are more or less tightly bound than ones in the Q shell?

A

more tightly bound

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of electric charges?

A

positive & negative

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10
Q

What is the process of removing or adding electrons to a body of matter?

A

electrification

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11
Q

T/F. Electric energy can be converted from or to other forms?

A

True

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12
Q

What is an object that is always available to accept electric charges from an electrified object called?

A

neutral or an electric ground

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13
Q

What is the removal of electrons from one object by rubbing it with another object called?

A

Friction

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14
Q

What is it called when 2 objects touch, permitting electrons to move from one object to another (body charged by friction then allowed to touch uncharged object)?

A

Contact

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15
Q

List sources of friction.

A

combing hair

rubbing balloon on sweater

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16
Q

List the result of contact electrification on film.

A

(tree or smudge) static on film

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17
Q

What is it called when electrical fields act on one another without contact?

A

Induction

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18
Q

What are the 4 kinds of electrical conductivity?

A

Non-conductors/insulators

Conductors

Semi-conductors

Superconductors

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19
Q

Do non-conductors/insulators allow the free flow of electrons?

A

no

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20
Q

Do conductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

yes

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21
Q

So semi-conductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

sometimes

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22
Q

Do superconductors allow the free flow of electrons?

A

yes, completely but must be very cold

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23
Q

Surrounding every charged body, there is a region in which a force is exerted on another charged body. This zone is called:

A

an electric field

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24
Q

An electric field points inward or outward from a positive charge?

A

outward

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25
Q

An electric field points inward or outward from a negative charge?

A

inward

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26
Q

If you double the distance between 2 charges, how much less attracted are they?

A

4 times less attracted (inverse square/Coulomb’s law)

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27
Q

Coulomb’s law states what 2 things?

A

The greater the electrostatic charge on each object, the greater the electrostatic force (they are directly proportional).

The electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the distance­² (closer together=stronger attraction and vice versa).

28
Q

Coulomb’s Law relates to what?

29
Q

What is the unit of measure for an electrical charge?

A

Coulomb (C)

30
Q

What is the unit of measure for electrical potential?

31
Q

What is the unit of measure for electric current?

A

Amperage (A)

32
Q

What is the unit of measure for electrical resistance?

33
Q

What is the unit of measure for electrical power?

34
Q

What is the unit of measure for electrostatic force?

A

Newtons (N)

35
Q

What is the science of electrostatic charges in motion?

A

Electrodynamics

36
Q

What is the path over which an electron current flows called?

A

an electric circuit

37
Q

What are the 3 factors in electric current?

A

Potential Difference (EMF)

Current

Resistance

38
Q

What is the difference in electrical potential energy between 2 points in a circuit, due to excess of e­¯ at one point (the difference of potential is what drives the e¯)?

A

Potential Difference

39
Q

What is the amount of electricity flowing per second called?

40
Q

What is the property which opposes or hinders the flow of electric current?

A

Resistance

41
Q

What is an example of a resistance?

A

an insulator

42
Q

Resistance depends on what 4 factors?

A

material

length

cross-sectional area

temperature

43
Q

If you increase the length, what happens to resistance?

A

it increases

44
Q

If you increase the cross-sectional area, what happens to resistance?

A

it decreases (resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area)

45
Q

List 2 superconductor materials.

A

Niobium & Titanium

46
Q

List 2 conductor materials.

A

Copper & Aluminum

47
Q

List 2 semi-conductor materials.

A

Silicon & Germanium

48
Q

List 2 insulator materials.

A

rubber & glass

49
Q

What is another word for circuit?

50
Q

What is defined as the flow of charged particles?

A

electric current

51
Q

What is the power of electric current measured in?

52
Q

What is the formula to find the power of an electric current?

A

P=IV
Power in Watts=(Amps)(Volts)

or

P=I²R
Power in Watts=(Amps²)(Resistance)

53
Q

Kilo refers to what #?

54
Q

Milli refers to what #?

55
Q

What is defined as flow in one direction?

A

direct current

56
Q

What is defined as current that oscillates back & forth?

A

alternating current

57
Q

Give an example of something that uses direct current.

58
Q

Give an example of something that uses alternating current.

A

light bulbs

59
Q

What is the unit of measure for frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

60
Q

AC (alternating current) in the US is how many Hz?

61
Q

Each AC (alternating current) cycle of frequency is how fast?

A

1/60th of a second

62
Q

How often does AC (alternating current) reverse its direction?

A

1/120th of a second

63
Q

60 AC cycles is how many Hz?

64
Q

On an (X,Y) axis used to measure Hertz, the X stands for what?

65
Q

On an (X,Y) axis used to measure Hertz, the Y stands for what?

A

amplitude of current

XRAY 111 (2 decks)

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