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Basic Cardiology ECG > Electrophysiology > Flashcards

Electrophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Depolarization

A

Stimulates contraction

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2
Q

Repolarization

A

Resting cell, recovery from depolarization

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3
Q

Sodium (Na+) electrolyte roll in cardiac function

A

Flows into cell to initiate depolarization

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4
Q

Potassium (K+) electrolyte roll in cardiac function

A

Flows out of cell to initiate repolarization

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5
Q

Calcium (Ca++) electrolyte roll in cardiac function

A

Moves slowly into the cell, depolarization of pacemakers, maintains depolarization and myocardial contractility

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6
Q

Magnesium (Mg++) electrolyte roll in cardiac function

A

Stabilizes cell (works with K+), opposes Ca++

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7
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

High Ca++
High contractility

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8
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low Ca++
Low contractility
High myocardial irritability

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9
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

High Mg++
High myocardial irritability

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10
Q

Hypagnesemia

A

Low Mg++
Decreased conduction

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11
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

High K+
High myocardial irritability

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12
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Low K+
Decreased automaticity/conduction

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13
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Phase 0

A

Cell depolarizes & begins to contract
Cells receive impulse
Na+ enters cell (positive change in TMP to meet threshold of -70 mV)
More sodium rapidly shoots up to +30 mV
Calcium start to enter slowly
QRS complex (really RQ segment)

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14
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Phase 1

A

Repolarization starts
Inward Na+ channels close
Negative chloride ions enter cell
Outward K+ channels open briefly (slight decrease in TMP, negative charge)
QS segment

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15
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Phase 2

A

Plateau phase (longest phase)
Na+ & Ca++ slowly enters cell while K+ flows out of cell (prolongs depolarization, creating plateau
Ends when outward flow of K+ exceeds Na+ & Ca++
ST segment

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16
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Phase 3

A

Final phase
Slowly Ca++/Na+ channels close
K+ rapidly leaves cell (causing TMP to drop and go negative)
T wave

17
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Phase 4

A

Resting phase
Membrane potential of -90 mV

18
Q

Transmembrane potential (TMP)

A

Change in the charge of a myocardial cell (-90 mV at rest)

19
Q

Absolute refractory period (ARP)

A

Cardiac cells are unable to respond to any stimulus
Phase 0-3 of cardiac action potential
“If you flush a toilet, it needs time to refill”

20
Q

Relative refractory period (RRP)

A

Enough cells have repolarized sufficiently to depolarize again
Mid phase 3 to beginning of phase 4

21
Q

Time AV node delays pulse

A

0.12 seconds
Allows atria to empty blood into ventricles

22
Q

AV junction includes:

A

AV node, surrounding tissue, non-branching portion of bundle of His

23
Q

Time for pulse to spread across ventricles?

A

0.08 seconds

24
Q

Ischemia definition

A

Tissue injury caused by hypoxia

25
Q

Secondary pacemaker (bpm): AV node

A

40-60 bpm

26
Q

Secondary pacemaker (bpm): Purkinje fibers

A

20-40 bpm

27
Q

Bundle of Kent

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle
Triggers early depolarization in L. Ventricles
ECG - Delta waves

28
Q

Sympathetic nervous system on heart, enzyme,

A

Accelerator
Norepi to SA node, AV node, ventricles

29
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system on heart, nerve, enzyme,

A

Inhibitory, vagus nerve, acetylcholine

30
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation, cause on heart

A

Increases corotid sinus pressure, straining/forced exhalation (valsalva maneuver), distention of hollow organ (bladder/stomach)
Bradycardia

31
Q

Common drug to fight parasympathetic nervous system/bradycardia

A

Atropine

32
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Detects changes in blood pressure in blood
creates CNS response

33
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Detects change in hydrogen ions (pH), O2, CO in blood
Creates CNS response

Basic Cardiology ECG (4 decks)

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