Electrophilic addition Flashcards
Bond angle of the C-H in a single bond? (Alkane)
109.5 degrees
Bond angle of the C-H in a double bond?
120 degrees
Why are alkanes less reactive than alkenes?
Alkenes and alkynes are generally more reactive than alkanes due to the electron density available in their pi bonds. In particular, these molecules can participate in a variety of addition reactions and can be used in polymer formation
What are the four stages of free radical substitution?
1- initiation
2-propagation a
3-propagation b
4- termination
What happens during initiation?
Free radicals are produced.
What occurs at the stage of propagation?
Radicals react and form different free radicals
What happens in termination?
Combination of the free radicals, forming a stable product
What is hetrolytic bond fission?
A convalent bond is broken and the shared pair of electrons is taken by one of the atoms
What is homolytic bond fission?
The even breaking of a bond, where each atom takes away one electron to form radicals.
What is a primary stucture?
When the there is only one CH3 added to the compound
What is a secondary structure
Where there are 2 CH3 groups either side of the compound
What is tertiary structure?
Where there are 3 CH3 groups branched of the central carbon chain
Why is a pi bond weaker than a sigma bond?
a pi bond requires less energy to be broken, the overlap of the atomic orbitals in the pi bond is a sideways overlap which is a weaker overlap compared to the sigma bond which is a head-on overlap.
