Electronics Flashcards
The best electrical conductors are atoms which have ___ or fewer valence electrons.
3
Aluminum has ___ valence electron(s).
3
Copper has ___ valence electron(s).
1
Insulating materials have ___ or more valence electron(s).
5 or more
The ideal insulator contains ___ electron(s).
8
Semi-conductors contain ___ valence electron(s).
4
Considered neither good conductors nor good insulators
Two of the most commonly used semi-conductor elements are ______ and ______.
Germanium
Silicon
Silicon/Germanium is more popular because of its ability to withstand higher temperatures.
Silicon
The atoms of purified semi-conductor materials arrange themselves into a unique pattern known as a ______.
Crystal-Latrice structure
Adjacent semi-conductor atoms tend to share their valence electrons to create a stable eight-electron arrangement. This is known as ______.
Covalent bonding
In pure form, semi-conductors are very poor conductors. To make a semi-conductor a better conductor of electricity, a small amount of _____ is introduced into it.
Impurity
The atoms of the impurity are injected into the crystal through a process known as _____.
Doping
An N-type semiconductor is formed when an impurity having ___ valence electron(s) is introduced into the pure semiconductor crystal.
Such an impurity is said to be ______.
5 valence electrons
Pentavalent
If an N-type semiconductor is connected to a voltage source, there is very little opposition to the flow of current. TRUE or FALSE?
True
(The semiconductor conductivity has been greatly improved as a result of the free electrons developed by the doping process.)
A P-type semiconductor material is created by doping the pure semi-conductor crystal with an impurity having ___ valence electron(s). These trivalent atoms can be _____, _____, or _____.
3 valence electrons
Aluminum
Boron
Gallium
Diodes have a _____ temperature coefficient.
Negative
⬆️Higher Temp. = ⬇️Lower Resistance
If an external source is connected across a P-type semiconductor, electrons jump from hole to home throughout the crystal. This is known as hole flow or conventional current flow. TRUE or FALSE?
True
If the current increases, what happens to the diode and the resistance?
Diode heats up ♨️
Resistance reduces ⬇️
In order to dissipate heat due to the I^2 R losses in the semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors, they are commonly mounted in _____.
Aluminum heat sinks
By joining P-type material with N-type material, a _____ is formed.
Semiconductor diode
The _____ material forms the anode side of the diode and the _____ material forms the cathode side of the diode.
P-type
N-type
A small barrier potential is formed at the junction of a diode. The potential difference is approximately ___ Volts for silicon and ___ Volts for Germanium.
.7 Volts - Silicon
.3 Volts - Germanium
Diodes are used for rectifiers (convert AC to DC). TRUE or FALSE?
True
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV), the diode breaks down and current avalanches. TRUE or FALSE?
True
