Electronics Flashcards
The best electrical conductors are atoms which have ___ or fewer valence electrons.
3
Aluminum has ___ valence electron(s).
3
Copper has ___ valence electron(s).
1
Insulating materials have ___ or more valence electron(s).
5 or more
The ideal insulator contains ___ electron(s).
8
Semi-conductors contain ___ valence electron(s).
4
Considered neither good conductors nor good insulators
Two of the most commonly used semi-conductor elements are ______ and ______.
Germanium
Silicon
Silicon/Germanium is more popular because of its ability to withstand higher temperatures.
Silicon
The atoms of purified semi-conductor materials arrange themselves into a unique pattern known as a ______.
Crystal-Latrice structure
Adjacent semi-conductor atoms tend to share their valence electrons to create a stable eight-electron arrangement. This is known as ______.
Covalent bonding
In pure form, semi-conductors are very poor conductors. To make a semi-conductor a better conductor of electricity, a small amount of _____ is introduced into it.
Impurity
The atoms of the impurity are injected into the crystal through a process known as _____.
Doping
An N-type semiconductor is formed when an impurity having ___ valence electron(s) is introduced into the pure semiconductor crystal.
Such an impurity is said to be ______.
5 valence electrons
Pentavalent
If an N-type semiconductor is connected to a voltage source, there is very little opposition to the flow of current. TRUE or FALSE?
True
(The semiconductor conductivity has been greatly improved as a result of the free electrons developed by the doping process.)
A P-type semiconductor material is created by doping the pure semi-conductor crystal with an impurity having ___ valence electron(s). These trivalent atoms can be _____, _____, or _____.
3 valence electrons
Aluminum
Boron
Gallium
