Electronic structure Flashcards
What is the maximum number of electrons for each electron shell:
1
2
3
4
5
2
8
18
32
50
how many electrons does an orbital hold
2
what are the sub shells
s,p,d and f
s orbitals
- hold 2 electrons
- each sub shell contains a s- orbital
- spherical shape
p orbitals
- 3 dimension shape
- From 2nd shell upwards, each shell contains 3 p-orbitals
d and f orbitals
Structures are very complex
From 3rd shell upwards, each shell contains 5 d-orbitals (10 d electrons)
From 4th shell upwards, each shell contains 7 f-orbitals (14 f electrons)
representing electrons in orbitals
- orbitals are represented by boxed
- each box can HOLD 2 electrons
- electrons are represented by arrows
- each arrow points in opposite direction to show electronic repulsion
- Within each energy level or shell of the same quantum number are sub-shells..
each sub-shell is made up of just one type of atomic orbital of s,p,d and f
What does Afuba principle state 5 points
Electrons fill the orbital with the lowest available energy first, which is closest to the nucleus. They then move on to orbitals with higher energy levels.
This process results in the most stable electron configuration possible for the atom.
Electrons have the same negative charge and repel each other.
If there are multiple orbitals in a sub-shell, electrons will fill them singly (one electron per orbital) until all orbitals in the sub-shell have one electron.
After all orbitals in the sub-shell have one electron, electrons will pair up in the orbitals.
how does all the orbitals differentiate
they have different energy levels
how many electrons in total can each sub-shell hold
s=1 orbital so 2 electrons
p=3 orbitals so 6 electrons
d= 5 orbitals so 10 electrons
f= 7 orbitals so 14 electrons
steps for electron structure
-
