Electronic Structure Flashcards
equation which links light and energy
E=hv
E= enegery
h= planks constant
v= wavelength of light
(frequency)
what is the election?
A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge
It is considered an elementary particle as it cannot be subdivided into smaller units
Outline the Bohr model of the atom
Electrons are arranged in discrete orbits called shells with have different energy levels
Electrons move around the nucleus following fixed paths or orbits
the orbit size is restricted
the energy an electron can have in that orbit is restricted
The model fails when observing the behaviour f electrons in atoms with more than one electron
Explain Quantum theory
matter has wave-like properties as well as particle like properties
How are electrons organised around the nucleus of an atom?
Organisation is described using the quantum mechanical model
Model is based on probability not certainty therefore it is known as the uncertainty principle
define atomic orbitals
Chemists define an atomic orbital as the region within an atom that encloses where an electron will reside
the electrons are free to move anywhere in that orbital but are not free to move outside it
Explain the Aufbau principle
Electrons first occupy the lowest energy sub level available
hence order of filling the sub levels is in order of increasing energy
Explain the pauli Exclusion Principle
Each orbital is occupied by unto a maximum of 2 electrons and that each of these two electrons has opposite spin
No two electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers.
quantum numbers tell us 4 things:
which principle energy level the electron is in
what king of sub shell the electron is in
which orbital the electron is in
which way the electron is spinning
Explain Hund Rule
Equivalent orbitals are 1/2 filled before the 2nd electron enters
