Electronic Devices 4-Frequency Response & Amplifiers Flashcards
Doubling the voltage gain causes a ________ dB ________.
10, increase
6, increase
10, decrease
6, decrease
6, increase
________ frequencies are values of frequency at which the RC circuits reduce the voltage gain to 70.7% of its midrange value.
Critical
Cutoff
Corner
all of the above
all of the above
A roll-off of 20 dB per decade is equivalent to a roll-off of ________ per octave.
3 dB
13 dB
12 dB
6 dB
6 dB
Each RC circuit causes the gain to drop at a rate of ________ dB/decade.
20
10
6
none of the above
20
The phase shift through the input of an RC circuit approaches ________° as the frequency approaches zero.
0
45
180
90
90
Internal transistor junction capacitances affect the high-frequency response of amplifiers by
reducing the amplifier’s gain.
introducing phase shift as the signal frequency increases.
having no effect.
reducing the amplifier’s gain and introducing phase shift as the signal frequency increases.
reducing the amplifier’s gain and introducing phase shift as the signal frequency increases.
What is the method that can be used to determine the values of fcl and fcu of an amplifier?
five time constants
step-response
sinusoidal
step-response
The lower critical frequency is also known as the
break frequency.
cutoff frequency.
corner frequency.
all of the above
all of the above
It is often convenient in amplifiers to assign a certain value of gain as the ________ dB reference.
0
1
6
10
20
0
For low-frequency response, all RC circuits in an amplifier may not have the same critical frequency. Which RC response will determine the critical frequency of the amplifier?
the lowest frequency
the center frequency
the highest frequency
the bypass frequency
the highest frequency
A ten-times change in frequency is called a(n)
octave.
decade.
decimal.
none of the above
decade.
The frequency response of an amplifier can be determined using the step response method, and measuring the output rise/fall times between
0% and 100% response.
10% and 90% response.
25% and 75% response.
five time constant responses.
10% and 90% response.
In a multistage amplifier, the overall frequency response is determined by the
frequency response of each stage depending on the relationships of the critical frequencies.
frequency response of the first amplifier.
frequency response of the last amplifier.
lower critical frequency of the first amplifier and the upper critical frequency of the final amplifier.
frequency response of each stage depending on the relationships of the critical frequencies.
What term means that the midrange voltage gain is assigned a value of 1 (or 0 dB)?
critical
Miller
normalized
corner
normalized
Halving the power corresponds to a ________ dB ________.
3, decrease
10, decrease
3, increase
10, increase
3, decrease
A two-times change in frequency is called a(n)
binave.
octave.
decade.
none of the above
octave
A change in frequency by a factor of ________ is equivalent to 1 octave.
2
10
5
20
2
What is the ratio of the capacitive reactance XCS to the input resistance RI of the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT amplifier at the low-frequency cutoff?
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.0
1.0
For which of the following frequency region(s) can the coupling and bypass capacitors no longer be replaced by the short-circuit approximation?
Low-frequency
Mid-frequency
High-frequency
All of the above
Low-frequency
The smaller capacitive elements of the design will determine the ________ cutoff frequencies.
low
mid
high
high
What is the range of the capacitor Cds?
0.01 to 0.1 pF
0.1 to 1 pF
0.1 to 1 nF
0.1 to 1 F
0.1 to 1 pF
The larger capacitive elements of the design will determine the ________ cutoff frequency.
low
mid
high
low
Which of the following elements is (are) important in determining the gain of the system in the high-frequency region?
Interelectrode capacitances
Wiring capacitances
Miller effect capacitance
All of the above
All of the above
For audio systems, the reference level is generally accepted as ________.
1 mW
1 W
10 mW
100 mW
1mW
For the low-frequency response of a BJT amplifier, the maximum gain is where ________ .
RB = 0
RC = 0
RE = 0
RE= 0
In the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT, by how much does the base voltage lead the input voltage at the cutoff frequency in the low-frequency region?
About 0º
45º
About 90º
None of the above
45
What is the normalized gain expressed in dB for the cutoff frequencies?
–3 dB
+3 dB
–6 dB
–20 dB
-3 dB
Which of the low-frequency cutoffs determined by CS, CC, or CE will be the predominant factor in determining the low-frequency response for the complete system?
lowest
middle
highest
None of the above
highest
What is the ratio of the common logarithm of a number to its natural logarithm?
0.435
2
2.3
3.2
2.3
Which of the following configurations does (do) not involve the Miller effect capacitance?
Common-emitter
Common-base
Common-collector
All of the above
Common- base
By what other name(s) are the cutoff frequencies in a frequency response plot called?
Corner frequency
Break frequency
Half-power frequency
All of the above
All of the above
The ________-frequency response of a transformer-coupled system is calculated primarily by the stray capacitance between the turns of the primary and secondary windings.
low
mid
high
high
What is the ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage at the cutoff frequencies in a normalized frequency response plot?
0.25
0.50
0.707
1
0.707
Which of the following statements is true for a square-wave signal?
It is composed of both even and odd harmonics.
It is composed only of odd harmonics.
It is composed only of even harmonics.
The harmonics waveforms are also square waves.
It is composed only of odd harmonics.
A change in frequency by a factor of ________ is equivalent to 1 decade.
2
10
5
20
10
Which of the following capacitors is (are) included in Ci for the high-frequency region of a BJT or FET amplifier?
Input wiring capacitance Cw1
The transition capacitance (Cbe/Cqs)
Miller capacitance (Cm1)
All of the above
All of the above
In the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT, by how much does the base voltage lead the input voltage for frequencies much larger than the cutoff frequency in the low-frequency region?
About 0º
45º
About 90º
None of the above
About 0º
In the ________-frequency region, the capacitive elements of importance are the interelectrode (between terminals) capacitances internal to the active device and the wiring capacitance between the leads of the network.
low
mid
high
high
What is the ratio of the output power to the input power at the cutoff frequencies in a normalized frequency response plot?
0.25
0.50
0.707
1
0.50
In which of the following are operational amplifiers (op-amps) used?
Oscillators
Filters
Instrumentation circuits
All of the above
All of the above
What is the level of the voltage between the input terminals of an op-amp?
Virtually zero
5 V
18 V
22 V
Virtually zero
What is the difference output voltage of any signals applied to the input terminals?
The differential gain times the difference input voltage.
The common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
The sum of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
The difference of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
The sum of the differential gain times the difference input voltage and the common-mode gain times the common input voltage.
A three-stage op-amp can have a maximum phase lag of ________°.
–180
–90
–270
none of the above
-270
What is the open-loop gain of an op-amp at the gain-bandwidth product of the op-amp?
200,000
50,000
200
1
1
The ________ amplifier configuration has the highest input impedance and the lowest output impedance of the three basic op-amp configurations.
non-inverting
inverting
voltage-follower
voltage followe
An IC unit made using both ________ and ________ transistors is called a ________ circuit.
bipolar, MOSFET, BiFET
bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS
TTL, MOSFET, TailFET
bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS
The maximum rate of change of the output voltage in response to a step input voltage is the ________ of an op-amp.
time constant
maximum frequency
slew rate
static discharge
slew rate
A practical op-amp has very ________ input impedance, very ________ output impedance, very ________ open-loop voltage gain, and a ________ bandwidth.
high, low, high, wide
high, high, low, narrow
low, high, high, wide
low, low, low, wide
high, low, high, wide
What is the level of the roll-off in most op-amps?
–6 dB / decade
–20 dB / octave
–6 dB / decade or –20 dB / octave
–20 dB / decade or –6 dB / octave
–20 dB / decade or –6 dB / octave
The input offset voltage drift is a parameter directly related to VOS and ________.
ID
power dissipation
temperature
phase shift
temperature
What is the difference voltage if the inputs are an ideal opposite signal?
The differential gain times twice the input signal.
The differential gain times the input signal.
The common-mode gain times twice the input signal.
The common-mode gain times the input signal.
The differential gain times twice the input signal.
Which of the following circuit conditions affect(s) the output offset voltage of an op-amp?
An input offset voltage, VIO
An input offset current, IIO
Both an input offset voltage, VIO and an input offset current, IIO
None of the above
Both an input offset voltage, VIO and an input offset current, IIO
A(n) ________ amplifier configuration has a higher input impedance and a lower output impedance than the op-amp itself.
non-inverting
inverting
voltage-follower
non-inverting
n which of the following operations is the resulting output signal of the differential amplifier near zero?
Single-ended
Double-ended
Common-mode
None of the above
Common-mode
What is the voltage gain of the unity follower?
0
1
–1
Infinity
1
Negative feedback added to an op-amp ________ the bandwidth and ________ the gain.
increases, increases
increases, decreases
decreases, decreases
decreases, increases
increases, decreases
What is the scale multiplier (factor) of a basic integrator?
R / C
C / R
–RC
–1 / RC
–1 / RC