electron configuration

Question 1

What is the order of the orbitals?

Answer 1

s-orbitals
p-orbitals
d-orbitals
f-orbitals

Question 2

What is the shape of an s orbital?

Answer 2

A circle

Question 3

What is the maximum number of electrons that you can have in s orbital?
What is the number of orbitals in sub level?

Answer 3

2 (2x1)

1

Question 4

What is the shape of a p orbital?

Answer 4

A figure of eight

Question 5

What is the maximum number of electrons even have in p orbital?
What is the number of orbitals in sub level?

Answer 5

6 (2x3)

3

Question 6

What is the maximum number of electrons that you can have in a d orbital?
What is the number of orbitals in sub level?

Answer 6

10 (2x5)

5

Question 7

What is the maximum number of electrons that you can have an f orbital?
What is the number of orbitals in sub level?

Answer 7

14 (2x7)

7

Question 8

What is the order of the sub level energies?

Answer 8

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 etc…..

Question 9

In what order are the orbitals filled?

Answer 9

In increasing order of energy

Question 10

What do electrons do?

Answer 10

Spin about their own axis, other clockwise or anticlockwise

Question 11

How are opposite spins are represented?

Answer 11

A pair of spinning arrows

Question 12

What is Hund’s rule?

Answer 12

The orbitals of a sub level must be occupied to singly and with parallel spins before they can be occupied in pairs.

Question 13

What is Aufbau’s principle?

Answer 13

Electrons fill orbitals starting with the lowest energy orbital first

Question 14

Why does the 4s sub level fill before the 3d sub level?

Answer 14

Because the 4s sub level is lower in energy and closer to the nucleus than the 3d sub level so it will fill first

Question 15

Example:
What is the electron configuration for Calcium (20 electrons)
(2 ways)

Answer 15

1. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
   or
2. [Ar]4s2
   - you take the amount of electrons a noble gas has away from the electron number of the element you’re finding

Question 16

What does a + sign on an ion mean?

What does a - sign on an ion mean?

Answer 16

it has 1 less electron

it has 1 more electron

Question 17

Example:

What is the electron configuration for Mg (12 ELECTRONS) and Mg2+?

Answer 17

Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Mg2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6

Question 18

Why are chromium and copper different in terms of their electron configurations?

Answer 18

They donate one of their 4s electrons to the 3d sub level so it will have a full or half full d sub level
e.g.
Cu = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
Cr = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1

Question 19

Which groups in the periodic table are S block elements and why?

Answer 19

Groups 1 and 2 as they have 1 or 2 outer electrons and the s sub level can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons

Question 20

Which groups in the periodic table are P block elements and why?

Answer 20

Groups 5, 6 and 7 because they can gain 1, 2 or 3 electrons

Question 21

Which groups in the periodic table are d block elements?

Answer 21

the transition metal groups