Electron configuration Flashcards
How many electrons are in each orbital?
s=2 p=6 d=10 f=14
Define first ionisation energy
The amount of energy required to remove 1 mole of electron form one mole of an gaseous atom to form 1 mole of gaseous +1 ion
When cant you remove the electron from its outer shell?
In a solid and liquid state
Define second ionisation energy
The amount of energy required to remove one mole of electron from one mole of gaseous positive ion to from 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ion
What are the three factors that affect ionisation energy?
Atomic radius
Nuclear charge
Shielding
Define atomic radius
Is the distance between the centre of the nucleus and the outermost electron
What happens to the atomic radius along a period?
The number of shells stay the same but the number of electrons so the will be attracted to the nucleus and decreases along
What happens to the atomic radius in a group?
As you go down the group it increases
Define nuclear charge
How many protons are attracting the outer electrons
What happens to the nuclear charge across a period explain?
Greater the number of protons greater the nuclear charge. Along the period nuclear charge increases shielding remains the same.
Define shielding
How many electrons are between the nucleus and the outer electrons
Along the period?
Shielding remains the same
Down the period?
shielding increases
When is the ionisation energy the highest when the shell is smaller or bigger?
Bigger
Explain the decrease in the first ionisation energy for aluminium?
Aluminium’s outer electron is further away from the nucleus and less attracted to the nucleus. This means less energy is needed to remove the electron from aluminium.
