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Electromagnetism Flashcards

1
Q

Photon

A

smallest quantity of any time of EM radiation, atom of light

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2
Q

Properties of photons

A

Move at speed of light; travel in a sine wave

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3
Q

Properties of EM radiation

A

frequency, velocity, amplitude, wavelength

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4
Q

Frequency

A

Waves per second (Hz); =velocity/wavelength

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5
Q

Velocity

A

distance in time (m/s); =frequency*wavelength

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

intensity of the wave

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7
Q

Wavelength

A

A=velocity/frequency

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8
Q

Electromagnetic Wave equation

A

C = frequency*wavelength (frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional)

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9
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

I1/I2 = (d2/d1)^2

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10
Q

Wave-Particle Duality

A

Electromagnetic radiation has properties of both a wave and a particle (travel through space as a wave and have ability to ionize)

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11
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

Gamma Rays (highest energy, highest frequency, shortest wavelength), UV light, Visible light, Infared, microwaves, radiofrequency (lowest energy, lowest frequency, longest wavelength)

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12
Q

Radiopaque

A

absorb x-rays; bone (absorption-high atomic number)

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13
Q

Radiolucent

A

transmit x-rays; soft tissue (transmission-low atomic number)

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14
Q

Attenuation

A

light is transmitted but scattered (translucent)

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15
Q

Particle Model: Quantum Theory

A

x-rays are identified by their energy in eV (typically 10 keV - 50 MeV

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16
Q

Planck’s Constant

A

photon energy is directly proportional to photon frequency

E=hf (h=4.15X10^-15 eVs)

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17
Q

Planck’s Quantum Equation

A

F=E/h

E=hc/wavelength

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18
Q

Electrostatics

A

branch of physics that deals with stationary or resting charges

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19
Q

Electrification

A

process by which electrons are added or ejected from matter, making the atom charged (too few or too many electrons)

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20
Q

Electrons

A

smallest unit of electron charge

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21
Q

methods of electrification

A

friction, contact, induction

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22
Q

Induction

A

electrical fields interact without touching

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23
Q

Conductors

A

copper, aluminum

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24
Q

Insulators

A

plastic, rubber, glass, wood

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25
Semi-conductors
silicon, germanium
26
Law #1 electrostatic force
like charges repel, unlike charges attract
27
Law #2 Coulomb's Law
electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of the electrostatic charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
28
Law #3 Distribution
Electric charge distribution is uniform throughout the surface
29
Law #4 Concentration
concentration of charges on a curved surface is greatest where the curvature s greatest
30
Law #5 Movement
only negative charges can move in solid conductors
31
Electric potential unit
Volt
32
Current unit
Ampere (1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second)
33
Resistance unit
Ohm
34
Current
quantity of electrons flowing
35
Resistance
amount of opposition to the current in the circuit
36
Ohm's Law
electric potential = current x resistance
37
Magnetism
materials that exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials
38
Natural magnet
earth
39
Artificial permanent magnet
horse shoe & bar magnets made of iron
40
Electromagnets
wire wrapped around an iron core with electric current
41
Laws of magnetism
every magnet has two poles; Like charges repel, unlike charges attract; lines of magnetic field leave north pole and enter south pole
42
Magnetic dipole
electrons rotate around a nucleus creating a magnetic field which causes the nucleus to spin on its axis
43
Non-magnetized Domain
magnetic dipoles are randomly organized
44
Magnetized Domain
magnetic dipoles point in one direction when under influence of an external magnetic field
45
Magnetic Induction
non-magnetized matter placed along field line of a magnet will temporarily become magnetized and take on the properties of the magnet but will have opposite direction of field lines
46
Types of Magnetic Materials
Diamagnetic, ferromagnetic, paramagnetic
47
Diamagnetic
weakly repelled by either magnetic pole; water, plastic, copper
48
Ferromagnetic
strongly attracted by a magnet and can usually be permanently magnetized; iron, cobalt, nickel
49
paramagnetic
slightly attracted to a magnet and loosely influenced by an external magnetic field; gadolinium
50
Electromagnetic Phenomena
moving charged particles produce magnetic fields; a charge at rest produces no magnetic field (Oersted's experiment)
51
Right Hand Rule
thumb=current | fingers=magnetic field lines
52
Helix
coil of wire
53
Solenoid
helix that has an electric current running through it and will act like a magnet by producing a north and south pole
54
Electromagnet
solenoid with iron core; adding iron increases intensity of magnetic field
55
Right hand rule for electromagnets
thumb=north pole and magnetic field lines | fingers=current
56
Faraday's Experiment
Placing a magnet next to a coil didn't produce current until the magnet was moved back and forth by the coil
57
3 ways to create motion between lines of force & a conductor
move the conductor move magnetic lines of force vary magnetic flux
58
Faraday's Law
magnitude of the induced current depends on the strength of the magnetic field, velocity of magnetic field, number of turns in the conductor, angle of conductor to magnetic field
59
Mutual Induction
generation of an alternating current in a secondary coil by supplying an alternating current to the primary coil
60
Lenz's Law
an induced current flows in the direction that opposes the magnetic field change that induces it
61
Self Induction
alternating current flows through a single coil of wire
62
Alternating current
electric current that changes direction several times a second
63
Electric generator
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
64
Simple AC generator
single loop of wire rotated mechanically between the poles of a magent
65
Direct Current generator
AC generator with commutator ring which makes nondirectional current
66
Electric motor
generator with electric current through the wire
67
AC motor
as current alternates direction, magnetic field alternates polarity
68
DC motor
commutator ring reverses the direction in the coils
69
Induction motor
powers the rotating anode of an x-ray tube
70
Transformer
transforms electric potential to a higher or lower voltage
71
Step-up Transformer
voltage of secondary coil is higher than primary coil
72
Step-down Transformer
voltage of primary coil is higher than secondary coil
73
Properties of X-rays
highly penetrating; electrically neutral; invisible; form of electromagnetic radiation; wide variety of energies and wavelengths; release small amounts of heat; travel in straight lines
74
Oersted's experiment
compass next to long straight wire pointed north with no current but pointed toward wire with current
75
Closed Core Transformer
square of ferromagnetic material; coils on opposite sides; helps reduce energy loss
76
Shell-type transformer
two coils around center rod; most efficient
77
Autotransformer
single coil around a iron core; base on self induction; not suitable for use of x-ray machines

Rad Physics (1 decks)

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