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Physics 2 > Electromagnetic waves > Flashcards

Electromagnetic waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of spectrum do electromagnetic waves form?

A

A continuous spectrum

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2
Q

What types of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse

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3
Q

What do electromagnetic waves transfer?

A

Energy

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4
Q

Order the types of electromagnetic radiation from lowest to highest frequency

A
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
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5
Q

List the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength

A
  • Gamma rays
  • X-rays
  • Ultraviolet
  • Visible light
  • Infrared
  • Microwaves
  • Radio waves
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6
Q

What is the highest frequency electromagnetic wave?

A

Gamma Rays

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7
Q

What is the highest energy electromagnetic wave?

A

Gamma rays

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8
Q

Where do gamma rays originate from?

A

They originate from changes in the nuclei of atoms

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9
Q

What properties are shared by all electromagnetic waves?

A
  • They are all transverse waves
  • They all travel at the same speed in air ( 3 x 10(8) m/s)
  • They can travel through a vacuum
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10
Q

How do the speeds of EM radiation differ in a vacuum and in air?

A

Electromagnetic waves all travel at the same speed in a vacuum and in air. They can travel in a vacuum because they don’t rely on particles

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11
Q

Give two practical uses for radio waves

A
  • Television transmission

- Radio transmission

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12
Q

How are radio waves produced?

A
  • Produced in an alternating current in an electrical circuit
  • Alternating currents are made up of oscillating charges (electrons)
  • As the charges oscillate, they produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields i.e. radio waves
  • Frequency of the radio waves produced will be equal to the frequency of the alternating current
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13
Q

How are radio waves received?

A
  • When transmitted radio waves reach a receiver, they are absorbed
  • Energy carried by the waves is transferred to the kinetic energy stores of the electrons in the material of the receiver
  • Causes the electrons to oscillate and, if the receiver is part of a complete electrical circuit, it generates an alternating current
  • Current has the same frequency as the radio wave that generated it
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14
Q

Give two practical uses for microwave radiation

A
  • Satellite communications

- Cooking food

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15
Q

How are microwaves used in cooking?

A
  • Microwaves penetrate up to a few centimetres into the food before being absorbed and transferring the energy that they are carrying to the thermal energy store of the water molecules in the food, causing the water to heat up
  • Water molecules transfer this energy to the rest of the molecules on the food, which cooks it
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16
Q

Give three practical uses for infrared radiation

A
  • Electrical heaters
  • Cooking food
  • Infrared cameras
  • remote controls
17
Q

How is infrared radiation used in cooking?

A
  • Absorbing IR radiation causes objects to get hotter

- Temperature of the food increases when it absorbs IR radiation

18
Q

How is infrared radiation used in electrical heaters?

A

How is infrared radiation used in cooking?
- Absorbing IR radiation causes objects to get hotter
- Temperature of the food increases when it absorbs IR radiation
How is infrared radiation used in electrical heaters?
- Contain a long piece of wire that heats up when a current flows through it
- Wire emits a lot of infrared radiation
- The emitted IR radiation is absorbed by objects and air in the room - energy is transferred by the IR waves to the thermal energy stores of the objects, causing their temperature to increase

19
Q

Give one use for visible light

A

Fibre optic cables

20
Q

Give three uses for ultraviolet radiation

A
  • Sun tanning lamps
  • Security ink
  • Energy efficient lamps
21
Q

Give two uses for X-rays and gamma rays

A
  • Medical imaging

- Medical treatment - radiotherapy

22
Q

Describe how x-rays are used to produce an image

A
  • X-rays are transmitted / pass through soft tissue
  • X-rays are absorbed by bone
  • The transmitted x-rays are detected by a detector plate
23
Q

What health effects can ultraviolet waves cause?

A
  • They can cause the skin to age prematurely
  • They can damage the eye which can lead to blindness
  • The can increase the risk of developing skin cancer
24
Q

What health effects can X-rays and gamma rays cause?

A
  • They are ionising radiation so can cause mutations in genes
  • They can lead to increased risk of developing various cancers
25
Q

What health problems can infrared rays cause?

A

Infrared waves can cause burns to skin / tissue

26
Q

How does electromagnetic radiation affect electron arrangement in atoms?

A

Absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation can cause electron arrangement to change. (It can remove electrons from the atom or move electrons further from the nucleus).

27
Q

What are the effects of body cells absorbing radiation?

A

Large amounts can damage cells. Smaller amounts cause mutation, causing cells to divide rapidly, which can lead to cancer

28
Q

Which waves of the EM spectrum are regarded as most dangerous?

A

Gamma and x-rays as they have the highest energy

29
Q

What determines the colour of visible light waves?

A

The wavelength and frequency of the light waves

30
Q

State the colours part of the visible light spectrum from lowest to highest frequency

A
  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet
31
Q

What are the primary colours?

A
  • Red
  • Blue
  • Green
32
Q

What are the secondary colours

A
  • Magenta
  • Cyan
  • Yellow
33
Q

Which colour of visible light has the highest frequency?

A

Violet

Physics 2 (8 decks)

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