Electrolytes Signs and Symptoms

Question 1

Hyperkalemia

tight and contracted

Answer 1

heart has peaked t waves, v fib, cardiac standstill
hypotension, bradycardia
Gi tract: diarrhea, hyperactive
Neuromsk: paralysis, increased DTR, weakness, paresthesias

Question 2

Hypokalemia

Low and slow

Answer 2

heart: flat t waves, st depression and u wave
MSK: decreased DTR, cramping, flaccid paralysis
GI: paralytic ileus, hypoactive, abdominal distension

Question 3

Hyponatremia

depressed and deflated

Answer 3

seizures and coma, tachycardia and weak thready pulses, respiratory arrest

Question 4

Hypernatremia

big and bloated

Answer 4

flushed, edema, low grade fever
polydipsia
swollen dry tongue
nausea and vomiting, increased muscle tone

Question 5

Hyerchloremia

Answer 5

n/v, swollen dry tongue, confusion

Question 6

Hypochloremia

Answer 6

diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, fever!

Question 7

Hypermagnesemia

calm and quiet

Answer 7

heart block, prolonged pr, bradycardia, hypotension,

hyporeflexia, decreased dtr, depressed shallow respirations, hypoactive bowel sounds

Question 8

Hypomagnesemia

Buck wild

Answer 8

st depression t wave inversion, torsades de pointes, tachycardia, increased DTR, nystagmus, diarrhea

Question 9

Hypercalcemia

Moans, Groans and Stones

Answer 9

constipation, bone pain, renal calciuli, decreased DTR and severe muscle weakness

Question 10

Hypocalcemia

TT CC

Answer 10

trousseuas- twerking arm
Chovstek- cheek smile
diarrhea, weak bones, risk for bleeding

Question 11

Hyperphosphatemia

low calcium

Answer 11

trousseau, chvostek, diarrhea, weak B’s

bones, blood, heart,. cardiac dysrhthmias

Question 12

Hypophosphatemia

High calcium

Answer 12

constipation, decreased dtr, severe muscle weakness, decreased HR, RR, and increased BP