electrolytes dean's

Question 1

Hyponatremia? Hypo?
Excess water loss:
1. Diabetes insipidus
2. RTD
3. Prolonged diarrhea
4. Profused sweating

Answer 1

Hypernatremia

Question 2

Hyponatremia? Hyper?

1. Severe burns
2. Vomiting
3. Fever
4. Hyperventilation

Answer 2

Hypernatremia

Question 3

Hyponatremia? Hyper?

Decreased water intake

Answer 3

Hypernatremia

Question 4

Hypernatremia? Hypo?

Hyperaldosteronism(Conn’s dse)

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

Hypernatremia? Hypo?
Sodium bicarbonate infusion
Increased oral/IV intake of NaCl
Ingestion of sea water

Answer 5

Hypernatremia

Question 6

Hyper? Hyponatremia?

1. Diuretic use
2. Saline infusion

Answer 6

Hyponatremia

Question 7

Hypo? Hyper? Na+

1. Renal failure
2. Nephrotic syndrome
3. Aldosterone def
4. Cancer

Answer 7

Hypo

Question 8

Hypo? Hyper? Na+

1. SIADH
2. Hepatic cirrhosis
3. Primary polydipsia
4. CNS abnormalities
5. Myxedema

Answer 8

Hyponatremia

Question 9

Hyper? Hyponatremia?

Barterr’s syndrome

Answer 9

Hyponatremia

Question 10

Hyper? Hypo? Na+

Potassium deficiency

Answer 10

Hyponatremia

Question 11

Hyper? Hypo? K+
Decreased renal excretion
1. Acute chronic renal failure
2. Severe dehydration
3. Addison's dse

Answer 11

Hyperkalemia

Question 12

Hyperkalemia? Hypo?
Extracellular shift
1. Acidosis
2. Muscle/cellular injury
3. Chemotheraphy
4. Vigorous excercise
5. Digitalis intoxication

Answer 12

Hyperkalemia

Question 13

Hyper? Hypo? K+
1. Oral/iv infusion
2. Immunosuppressive drugs
(Tacrolimus, cyclosporine)

Answer 13

Hyperkalemia

Question 14

Hypo? Hyper? K+
GI loss
1. Gastric suction & laxative abuse
2. Intestinal tumor & malabsorption

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 15

Hyper? Hypo? K+

1. CA and radio therapy
2. Vomiting & diarrhea

Answer 15

Hypokalemia

Question 16

Hyper? Hypo? K+
Renal loss
1. Diuretics (thiazides)
2. Hyperaldosteronism
3. Cushing syndrome 
4. Leukemia

Answer 16

Hypokalemia

Question 17

Hyper? Hypo? K+
Renal loss
1. Bartter’s syndrome
2. Gitelman’s syndrome

Answer 17

Hypokalemia

Question 18

Hypo? Hyper? K+
Renal loss
1. Liddle’s syndrome
2. Malignant hypertension

Answer 18

Hypokalemia

Question 19

Hyper? Hypo? K+
Intracellular shift (alkalosis & insulin overdose)

Answer 19

Hypokalemia

Question 20

Albanese Lein

Answer 20

Sodium

Question 21

Lockhead and Purcell

Answer 21

Potassium

Question 22

Hyperchloremia? Hypo?

1. RTA
2. D. Insipidus
3. Salicylate intoxication

Answer 22

Hyper

Question 23

Hypervhloremia? Hypo?

1. Primary hyperpatathyroidism
2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Prolonged diarrhea

Answer 23

Hyperchloremia

Question 24

Hypochloremia? Hyper?

1. Prolonged vomiting
2. Aldosterone def
3. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Salt losing nephritis

Answer 24

Hypo

Question 25

Ref value of K+

Answer 25

3.5-5.2mmol/L

Question 26

Ref value of Cl-

Answer 26

98-107mmol/L

Question 27

Schales & schales

Answer 27

Cl-

Question 28

Mercuric thiocyanate = reddish complex

Whitehorn titration method

Answer 28

Cl-

Question 29

Ferric perchlorate

Answer 29

Cl-

Question 30

Cotlove chloridometer

Answer 30

Cl-

Question 31

Clark&collip

Answer 31

Ca

Question 32

Ferro Ham Chloranilic acid

Answer 32

Ca

Question 33

Orthocresolpthalein complexone dye

Answer 33

Ca

Question 34

Fiske subbarow method (ammonium molybdate method)

Answer 34

Phosphorus

Question 35

Calmagite
Formazen dye method
Titan yellow dye

Answer 35

Mg

Question 36

Reference value of Na+

Answer 36

135-145mmol/L