Electrolytes CIS

Question 1

Why don’t we need to check serum osmolality with hyponatremia?

Answer 1

We assume that in the absence of other factors, like hyperglycemia or hyper protein, the hyponatremia is hypotonic.

Question 2

most common cause of lost potassium in humans

Answer 2

diarrhea and emesis

Question 3

Causes of SIADH

Answer 3

CNS
Drugs
Pulmonary lesions
malignancies
others: postoperative, pain, stress, etc.

Pretty much anything

Question 4

What does the TTKG of over 4 mean?

Answer 4

potassium loss is renal

Question 5

test for hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 5

aldosterone to renin ratio, normal is 20:1

Question 6

medication toxicity more likely to be deadly in the presence of hypokalemia?

Answer 6

digoxin

Question 7

treatment of hypokalemia

Answer 7

oral replacements

IV replacement- potassium is toxic to veins. Fast replacement can rapidly increase serum potassium and cause transient hyperkalemia- arrhythmia, not more than 10 meq per hour into peripheral vein, not more than 20 meq per hour into the central vein

Question 8

lasix is the brand name for

Answer 8

furosemide, a loop diuretic

Question 9

differentiating between renal and extra-renal magnesium loss

Answer 9

24-hour urine magnesium levels

Question 10

symptoms of hypophosphatemia

Answer 10

weakness, rhabdomyalysis, paresthesias, encephalopathy, respiartory failure, arrhythmias, heart failure, acute hemolytic anemia, platelet dysfunction, impaired chemotaxis of leukocytes