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electrolytes > electrolytes > Flashcards

electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal value for Potassium(K)?

A

3.5-5.0 mmol/L

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2
Q

What is the normal value for Magnesium (Mg)?

A

0.75-1.05 mmol/L

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3
Q

What is the normal value for Sodium (Na)?

A

135-145 mmol/L

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4
Q

What is the normal value for Calcium (Ca)?

A

Total: 2.25-2.75 mmol/L
ionized: 1.05-1.3 mmol/L

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5
Q

What are some causes of Na imbalance?

A

Na loss/gain, water loss/gain, renal loss

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6
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of Hypernaturemia?

A 
F ever
R estless
I ncreased BP
E dema
D ecreased Urinary output

THIRST

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7
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of Hyponaturemia?

A 
S tuper/coma
A norexia
L ethargy
T endon reflexes decrease
L imp muscles
O rthostatic hypotension
S eizure/HA
S tomach cramping
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8
Q

What are some treatments for Hypernaturemia?

A

0.9% NS (isotonic) given SLOWLY

Diuretics

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9
Q

What are some treatments for Hyponaturemia?

A

fluid restrictions,

hypertonic solution. (3.0% NS)

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10
Q

How does Potassium work in the body?

A

nerve transmission, muscle contraction, cardiac rhythms.

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11
Q

What are some causes of hypokalemia?

A

from ECF -> ICF: Insulin, alkalosis, rapid cell building, beta-adrenergic stimulation

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12
Q

What are some causes of hyperkalemia?

A

from ICF -> ECF: acidosis, tissue catabolism (breakdown of tissue)

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13
Q

what organ regulates Potassium?

A

kidneys

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14
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia?

A

irritability, anxiety, abdo cramp, weakness, irregular pulse

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15
Q

what would the EKG look like in Hyperkalemia?

A

Tall peaked T wave,
ST depression,
Ventrical fib

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16
Q

what would the EKG look like in Hypokalemia?

A

ST depression,
Flattened T wave
Predominant U wave

17
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?

A 
fatigue, 
muscle weakness,
leg cramps,
NVD,
soft flabby arms,
hyperglycemia
18
Q

what are some treatments for hyperkalemia?

A

diet change,

diuretics

19
Q

what are some treatments for hypokalemia?

A

K replacement

20
Q

what is special to note about potassium replacement therapy?

A

KCl IV should never be given > 60 mmol at a rate less than or equal to 10-20 mEg/hour.
It should always be diluted and should never be given IB push.

21
Q

How does Calcium work in the body?

A

bones, heart contraction, muscle contraction, blood clotting, never impulses

22
Q

what are some causes of hypocalcemia?

A

renal problems, diuretics, alcoholism, thyroid surgery

23
Q

what are some causes of hypercalcemia?

A

myeloma, hyperthyroidism, Vitamin D overdose

24
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia?

A

lethargy, decreased reflexes, decreased memory, NVD, bone pain, dehydration

25
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia?

A

easy fatigue, increased nerve impulses, numbness/tingling in extremities, muscle cramps, chvosick’s sign, treasseu’s sign, increased DTR

26
Q

what are some treatments for hypercalcemia?

A

increased weight bearing exercises, diuretics

27
Q

what are some treatments for hypocalcemia?

A

diet

28
Q

What is Magnesium important for in the body?

A

Intracellular. Essential for cellular processes

29
Q

what are some causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

D,V, alcoholism, impaired absorption, NG suction, uncontrolled diabetes

30
Q

what are some causes of hypermagnesemia?

A

renal failure, over treatment of eclampsia,

31
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia?

A 
R eflexes decreased
E KG changes
N ausea& vomiting
A ppearance flushed
L ethargy
32
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hypomagnesemia?

A 
S eizures
T etany
A norexia
R apid HR
V omiting
E motional lability
D eep tendon reflexes increase
Tremors, twitching, hypereflexia
33
Q

what are some treatments of hypermagnesemia?

A

diuretics

34
Q

what are some treatments of hypomagnesemia?

A

oral supplements, dietary intake, IV Mg IM

electrolytes (1 decks)

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