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Renal + Urology > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Urine Na+ <20 + hypovolaemia causes

A

D+V

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2
Q

Urine Na+ <20 + euvolaemia causes

A

Acute fluid overload

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3
Q

Urine Na+ <20 + hypervolaemia causes

A

Congestive HF Liver cirrhosis

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4
Q

Urine Na+ >20 + hypovolaemia causes

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

Urine Na+ >20 + euvolaemia causes

A

SIADH

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6
Q

Urine Na+ >20 + hypervolaemia causes

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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7
Q

Drugs that causes hyponatraemia

A

NSAIDsSSRIsDiuretics APsCarbamazepine

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8
Q

S+S hyponatraemia

A

Asymptomatic If severe: vomiting, drowsy, headache, confusion, seizures

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9
Q

Complications of hyponatraemia

A

Cerebral oedema Falls, gait disturbance, cognitive deficitOsteoporosis Central pontine myelinolysis - if reversed

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10
Q

Management of hyponatraemia

A

0.9% NaCl Stop meds that cause hyponatraemia If chronic: fluid restrict + demeclocyline

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11
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia

A

AKI Blood transfusions Drugs: potassium sparing diuretics, spironolactone, ACEi or ARBsRhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis (DKA)Addisons

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12
Q

S+S hyperkalaemia

A

Asymptomatic S+S >7mmol Paraesthesia, weakness, N+V, palpitations

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13
Q

Investigations for hyperkalaemia

A

Bloods VBG for immediate result ECG

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14
Q

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

A

Tall tented T waves Prolonged QRS - eventually merges with T wave to form sine wave Decreased p waves Axial deviation + BBB

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15
Q

Management of hyperkalaemia

A

Stabilise cardiac membrane with IV calcium gluconate 10mls of 10% over 10 mins Insulin + dextrose infusion over 15 mins Salbutamol 5mg nebs Calcium resonium, loop diuretics, dialysis to remove potassium

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16
Q

Causes of hypoglycaemia

A

Insulin OD (DM)Post-gastric surgery Alcohol excessBeta blockers

17
Q

S+S hypoglycaemia

A

Sweating, dizziness, slurred speechConfusion, tachycardia, SOB

18
Q

Investigations for hypoglycaemia

A

Capillary blood glucose Serum BM

19
Q

Management of hypoglycaemia

A

Conscious: oral glucose (120ml lucozade) + eat complex carbs Unconscious: IV 100ml 20% glucose stat or 1mg IM glucagon 1L 10% glucose once conscious

20
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia if dehydrated + Na++ in urine

A

Losing from kidneys: Addisons, renal failure, excess diuretics

21
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia if dehydrated + Na- in urine

A

Vomit, diarrhoea, burns, CF, obstruction

22
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia if not dehydrated + oedematous

A

Nephrotic syndrome, HF, renal/ liver failure

23
Q

Causes of hyponatraemia if not dehydrated + not oedematous

A

SIADH Fluid overload

24
Q

Management of asymptomatic hyponatraemia

A

Fluid restrict Demeclocycline

25
Q

Management of symptomatic hyponatraemia

A

0.9% saline Consider furosemide

Renal + Urology (6 decks)

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