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Fluid And Electrolytes > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Normal sodium range

A

135-145

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2
Q

What does sodium do?

A

Nerve impulses, muscle contractility, regulation of acid base balance

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3
Q

Sodium and balances are typically associated with what?

A

Imbalances in fluid volume like hypovolemia

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4
Q

What are the levels for hyponatremia?

A

<135

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5
Q

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

A

Fluid gain or sodium loss

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6
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

Irritability, confusion, coma, seizures, hypertension, weight gain

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7
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia?

A

Give hypertonic solution, put on fluid restrictions, watch for falls

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8
Q

What are the levels for hyper natremia?

A

> 145

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9
Q

What are some causes of hyper natremia?

A

Diet, water loss, sodium gain, dehydration,

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10
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

Restlessness, Thirsty, weight loss, weakness, tachycardia, postural hypotension

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11
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypernatremia?

A

Give fluids, give hypotonic fluids or isotonic fluids, get rid of excess sodium, watch for falls

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12
Q

What are the levels for magnesium?

A

1.5-2.5

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13
Q

What is the role of magnesium?

A

Necessary for protein and carbohydrate metabolism, maintains levels of potassium, involved in electrical activity in cardiac and muscles, maintains calcium and potassium balances,

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14
Q

What are the levels for hypomagnesemia?

A

<1.5

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15
Q

What are causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

Alcoholism, increased Reno loss, diuretics, fluid loss from the G.I. Tract

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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A

Resembles low calcium, changes in level of consciousness, hyper active deep tendon reflex is, tachycardia, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias

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17
Q

What are nursing inventions for hypomagnesemia?

A

Treat by lowering calcium

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18
Q

What are the levels for hypermagnesemia?

A

> 2.5

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19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

Hypo active deep tendon reflexes, Changes in level of consciousness, muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension

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20
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypermagnesemia?

A

Magnesium correlates with calcium, raise calcium levels

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21
Q

What are the levels for potassium?

A

3.5-5.0

22
Q

What is the role of potassium?

A

Conduction of cardiac rhythm, transmission of nerve and muscle impulses, acid base balance

23
Q

What are the levels of hypo kalemia?

A

<3.5

24
Q

What are the causes of hypo kalemia?

A

Metabolic alkalosis, Lasix IV insulin, magnesium deficiency, loss from the G.I. tract

25
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypo kalemia?

A

Cardiac issues (depressed T-wave, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, irregular heart rate) Fatigue, muscle weakness, leg cramps and pain

26
Q

What are the levels of hyper kalemia?

A

> 5.0

27
Q

What are some causes of hyperkalemia?

A

Salt substitutes, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, multiple blood transfusions

28
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

Cardiac issues****, Muscle weakness leg cramps and pain, confusion, irritability

29
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypo kalemia?

A

Administer IV or PO potassium, eat bananas or oranges

30
Q

What do you do when administering IV potassium?

A

Dilute it because it is irritating to pains, and monitor IV site, monitor cardiac

31
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hyperkalemia?

A

Give diuretic to Pee it out, use Lasix, Kayexalate, regular insulin Ivy, monitor cardiac, watched he waves, Fall risk

32
Q

How are sodium and potassium related?

A

Sodium drawls fluid out of cells and increases blood pressure, while potassium draws fluid into the cells and decreases BP, They are inversely related so an increase in one is a decrease in the other

33
Q

What are the levels of calcium?

A

8.6-10.2

34
Q

What is the role of calcium?

A

Conduction of cardiac rhythm structure of teeth and bones, blood clotting, inverse relationship with phosphate, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction

35
Q

What is the level of hypocalcemia?

A

<8.6

36
Q

What are causes of hypocalcemia?

A

Vitamin D deficiency, hypo-parathyroidism, acute pancreatitis

37
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

Excessive excitability, tetany, changes in LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias, positive trousseau sign and positive Chvosteks sign

38
Q

What are hypercalcemia levels?

A

> 10.2

39
Q

What are causes of hypercalcemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism, Immobilization, malignancies

40
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

Decreased excitability, changes in LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias, Groans, moans, stones, bones

41
Q

What are some nursing interventions of hypocalcemia?

A

If phosphate levels are high, lower phosphate levels, administer calcium and vitamin D intake

42
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypercalcemia?

A

Give calcitonin, monitor cardiac, monitor kidneys, raise phosphate levels if necessary

43
Q

Phosphate range

A

2.4-4.4

44
Q

What is phosphate reversely related to?

A

Calcium

45
Q

What is the role of phosphate?

A

Muscles, RBCs, nervous system, found in bones and teeth, catalyst for cell reactions, Acid base buffering

46
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia

A

<2.4 changes in LOC, muscle weakness and pain, high calcium levels

47
Q

Causes of hypophosphatemia

A

Alcohol withdrawal, diet

48
Q

Causes of hyperphosphatemia

A

Chemo and poor kidney function

49
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia

A

Tetany, muscle cramps, parasthesia, seizures, low calcium

50
Q

Interventions for hyperphosphatemia

A

Treat low calcium

Fluid And Electrolytes (4 decks)

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