Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Electrolytes > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What does Na mainly control?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does K mainly control?

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Ca mainly control?

A

Neuro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Mg mainly control?

A

Neuro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of Hyponatraemia?

A

Seizures, confusion, tiredness, abdo cramps, salt craving, nausea, vomiting, low BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypernatraemia?

A

Crave water, weakness, seizures, decrease in consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the causes of hyponatraemia?

A

Kidney failure, heart failure, diuretics (makes the body get rid of more Na in the urine), antidepressant and pain meds (cause more sweating and urinating), severe vomiting and diarrhoea, polydipisa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of hypernatraemia?

A

Vomiting, diarrhoea, burns, excessive sweating, intrinsic renal disease, loop diuretics, osmotic diuresis, diabetes insipidus, adrenal tumours secreting deoxycorticosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of hyponatraemia?

A

Restrict fluid intake, IV NaCl, Fludrocortisone (Na sparing, used in Addison’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment in hypernatraemia?

A

Fluid replacement, Loop diuretics can increase renal Na excretion - but can also cause hyper…..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoK?

A

U waves, leg cramps, decreased GI motility, increased DTR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms in hyperK?

A

Cardiac arrest, weakness, increased GI motility, chest pain, palpitations, brady, decreased DTR, peaked T waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of hypoK?

A

Excessive K loss from diuretics, vomiting, diarrhoea, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive alcohol, primary aldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the causes of HyperK?

A

Renal insufficiency, metabolic acidosis (K shifts from intracellular to extracellular), AKI, diabetes, cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for HypoK?

A

Stop diuretics or laxatives, K sparing drugs, stop vomiting and diarrhoea, oral potassium chloride
ACEi and ARB prevent renal K excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for hyperK?

A

Calcium gluconate, insulin and dextrose
Remove sources of K intake
Correct metabolic acidosis with Na bicarbonate
Salbutamol - encourages K removal

17
Q

What are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

Weak bones, teeth, severe muscle cramps, trousseau, chvosteks sign, increased DTR, seizures

18
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?

A

Lethargy, bone pain, decreased DTR

19
Q

What are the causes of hypocalcaemia?

A

Hypoparathyroidism, could result from a decrease in albumin (as it is the carrier protein) so liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, hypomagnesemia, hypephosphataemia, PTH deficiency, Vit D resistance

20
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?

A

Primary hyperthyroidism
Associated with malignancy - ectopic PTH secretion
Drugs - thiazide diuretic, vit D, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia

21
Q

What is the treatment for hypocalcaemia?

A

IV calcium gluconate if acute

Ca and Vit D supplements if chronic

22
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcaemia?

A

Fluids, isotonic NaCl. Then a loop diuretic to stop the Na and Ca reabsorption into the thick ascending loop of henle
Reduction in dietary vit D and Ca
Prednisolone can help reduce plasma Ca levels by reducing the intestinal Ca absorption
Oral phosphate can be used to form Ca phosphate in the blood
Calcimimetic - mimics the activation of Ca to activate PTH

23
Q

What are the symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A

Tremors, increased DTR, tachy, confusion

24
Q

What are the symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

Vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, weakness, hypotensive, decreased DTR, cardiac arrest

25
Q

What are the causes for hypomg?

A 
Increased excretion due to hypercalcaemia, furosemide, inadequate intake, impairment of renal conservation or GI absorption 
Alcoholism
Chronic PPI use 
Pregnancy and lactation
DKA
26
Q

What are the causes of hypermg?

A 
renal failure 
Excessive intake 
Hypothyroidism
Addison disease
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, milk alkali syndrome and depression
27
Q

What is the treatment of hypomg?

A

Increase green veg intake

IV mg

28
Q

What is the treatment for hyperMg?

A 
Calcium gluconate (antagonises the toxic effect of the mg)
Diuretics promote Mg excretion 
Glucose and insulin can help to promote Mg entry into the cell

Electrolytes (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions