electrolytes

Question 1

hypokalemia (3.5-5)

gastric suctionin, vomit, diareah, loop diuretics, steroids, cushing syndrome

put on ECK monitor for UWAVES, dysrithmyas, muscle weakness, leg cramps, NV, paresthesia

give iv K

Answer 1

hyperkalemia (3.5-5)

rapid administration of IV K, foods, oliguria, multiple blood transfusions,
Pseudohyperkalemia- clench fist when get BP, hemolysis

put on ekg monitor for TWAVES, NV, paretheses, muscle weakness

glucose insuline, keyexelate, lasyx
calcium gluconate to protect heart
renal dialysis

Question 2

hyponatremia (135-145O

diuretics, diaphoresis, HYPOTONIC tube feeding

SEIZURES

RESTRICT FLUIDS, give HYPERTONIC saline,

Answer 2

hypernatermia (135-145)

DEHYDRATION, diareah, HYPERTONIC feeding, cushing syndrome

THIRST, fever, mental status, SEIZURES

give fluids, HYPOTONIC SALINE, restrict NA

Question 3

hypocalcemia (9 - 10.5) (AIRWAY)

hypothyrodism, hyperphosphotemia, hypomagnesemia, renal failure, low vit. D

numb tingling fingers, CHOVEC- cheek& TRESSOU- hand, DYSRYTHMIAS

Answer 3

hypercalcemia (9-10.5)

hyperthyroidism, imobility, tumors

polyuria, DYSRYTHMIAS, cardiact arrest

give CALCITIONIN- calcium is taken to bones and not in serum levels

Question 4

hypomagnesemia (1.3-2.1)

alchholilsm, ketoacidosis, alkalosis

trosseu & chevec, dysrythmias, DIGITALIS TOXTICITY, tachycardia

Answer 4

hypermagnesemua- (1.3-2.1)

renal faliure, adrenal insufficency,

HYPOREFLEXES, drowsiness, resp. depression, bradycardia

calcium gluconate- to regulate heart

Question 5

hypophosphotemua( 3-4.5)

refeeding after starvation, alchohol witdrawl, TPN

repiratory depression, muscle weakenss, confusion, bone pain,

Answer 5

hyperphosphotemia (3.0 -4.5)

renal failure, excessive phosphate containing lexatives and enemas, chemotherapy

short term- tetany- tingling finger, numness, muscle spasm

long term- phosphoros goes into kidney, joints, arteries, skin

Question 6

WBC

Answer 6

4000-11000

Question 7

hemoglobin

Answer 7

men 13.2-17.3

women 11.7-16

Question 8

hematocrit

Answer 8

men 39-50%

women 35-47%

Question 9

RBC

Answer 9

men 4.3-5.7

women 3.8-5.1

Question 10

PT time

Answer 10

11-16 sec

Question 11

aPTT time

Answer 11

25-35 sec

Question 12

cholesterol

Answer 12

less than 200

Question 13

HDL

Answer 13

men less than 40

women less than 50

Question 14

LDL

Answer 14

less than 100

Question 15

trigycerides

Answer 15

less than 150

Question 16

BUN 6-30

Answer 16

6-30

Question 17

creatine

Answer 17

0.6-1.3

Question 18

glucoes

Answer 18

70-100

Question 19

hemoglobin

Answer 19

4-6 %

Question 20

PSA

Answer 20

0-0.5 women

less than 4 men