Electrolytes

Question 1

Hypercalcemia

Answer 1

ca+ is greater than 10.2

Question 2

what causes Hypercalcemia

Answer 2

high vit D
steroids
Immobility
metastases
hyper parathyroid

Question 3

s/sx of hypocalcemia

Answer 3

swollen and slow
constipation
bone pain
renal calculi
low DTRs or muscle weakness

Question 4

tx for hyperCa

Answer 4

move
fluids to prevent the renal calculi
phosphorus
Med: Didronel, Biphosphate,c and Etidronate

Question 5

Calcium Function

Answer 5

Keep the 3B STRONG: Bones, Blood, Beats

Question 6

Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

Ca+ that’s less than 8.4

Question 7

s/sx of hypocalcemia

Answer 7

Trousseau’s signs
Chvostek’s signs
HIGH RISK: bleeding, fractures, arrythmia

Question 8

tx for hypocalcemia

Answer 8

GIVE Ca+
PO: phosphate binders, calcium acetate, hydrochloride
A diet with ca+: leafy greens, cheese, milk, yogurts egg yolk

Question 9

Hypernateremia

Answer 9

Na+ that’s grater than 145

Question 10

cause of hyperna+ (ADD H)

Answer 10

a lot of Aldosterone/steroids (Cushing and Croons)
dehydration
diabetes insipidus
hyperventilation

Question 11

s/sx of hyperna+

Answer 11

excess thirst
swollen tongue
low skin turgor
edema
n/v
Big and bloated: snata

Question 12

tx for hyperna+

Answer 12

NO Na+, daily weights, dilute Na+ w/ fluids

Question 13

Sodium function

Answer 13

maintains BP. Blood volume, Ph balance

Question 14

Hyponatremia

Answer 14

Na+ less than 135

Question 15

causes of hypona+ (FASS)

Answer 15

Failure: hearts, kidneys, liver
Addison’s
Sugar water(D5W)
SIADH

Question 16

tx of hyponatremia

Answer 16

high Na+ diet
seizure precaution

Question 17

s/sx of hypona

Answer 17

high HR, low RR, low DTRs, SEIZURES, high ICP, OLIGURIA
Delated person

Question 18

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 18

anything higher than 2.6

Question 19

S/sx of hypermg

Answer 19

low: pulse, BP, HR (BRADYcardia) RR, BS, DTRs, hypotension

Question 20

tx of hypermg

Answer 20

ventilator (low RR), calcium gluconate (antidote for toxicity), diaslysis