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[LAB] CC2 > ELECTROLYTES > Flashcards

ELECTROLYTES Flashcards

1
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY is aka:

A

Flame Emission Photometry

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2
Q

It measures the light emitted by excited
single atom

A

FLAME PHOTOMETRY

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3
Q

Principle of Flame Photometry: ____ of electrons from ____ to _____ energy state.

A

Excitation
lower
higher

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4
Q

How electrons are being excited in Flame photometry

A

By subjecting it to flame

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5
Q

Why electrons become excited when subjected to flame

A

Become excited because they
absorb thermal energy

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6
Q

What is the principle of Flame Photometry

A

Excitation of electrons from
lower to higher energy state.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of FLAME PHOTOMETRY

A

measurement of excited ions

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8
Q

measurement of excited ions

A

FLAME PHOTOMETRY

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9
Q

What are the 4 most common excited ions

A

Na, K, Ca, Li

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10
Q

Na, K, Ca, Li = ___ (excited/unexcited ions)

A

excited

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11
Q

Atoms —> ____ —> release ____ —-> _____

A

Excites atoms;
photons;
return to ground state

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12
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

(1) When atoms are heated/subjected to
flame, they are ____.

A

excited

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13
Q

– they absorb a
specific thermal spectrum having
a high energy

A

excited atoms

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14
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

(2) However, when these easily excitable
ions absorb ______/become
____, they become ____.

A

thermal energy;
excited;
unstable

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15
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

(3) When these atoms are unstable at
___ (low/high) energy, they return to their
_____ by
releasing energy in the form of
____

A

high;
ground state;
photons

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16
Q

ground state is aka

A

unexcited state

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17
Q

photons is aka

A

light energy

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18
Q

light energy

A

photons

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19
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

(4) The photons they released are at a
_____.

A

Specific wavelength

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20
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

(5) EXAMPLE:

The photon released by sodium, when
it returns to its ground state, is
___ (different/same) to the light energy released
by potassium, calcium, and lithium.

A

different

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21
Q

Emitted wavelength of potassium

A

766 nm

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22
Q

What is the color of flame if Potassium is present in the sample

A

Violet

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23
Q

Emitted wavelength of Sodium

A

589 nm

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24
Q

What is the color of flame if Sodium is present in the sample

A

Yellow

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25
Q

Emitted wavelength of Lithium

A

670 nm

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26
Q

What is the color of flame if Lithium is present in the sample

A

Red

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27
Q

Emitted wavelength of Calcium

A

622 nm

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28
Q

What is the color of flame if Calcium is present in the sample

A

Orange

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29
Q

T/F: The color of the flame in flame
photometry will tell what atom or metal is
present in the sample.

A

T

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30
Q

T/F: The intensity of the color is inversely proportional to the concentration of the particular atom present in that sample.

A

F; directly proportional

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31
Q

The intensity of the color is _____ to the concentration of the
particular atom present in that sample.

A

directly proportional

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32
Q

Flame with Deep violet color indicates what?

A

the sample
contains too much potassium

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33
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

Light Source: ____

A

flame

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34
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

Monochromator: ___

A

filters

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35
Q

part of spectrophotometer that
isolates a specific wavelength

A

Monochromator

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36
Q

FLAME PHOTOMETRY:

Photodetector: ___

A

photocell

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37
Q

converts the specific wavelength
transmitted into its equivalent
energy

A

Photodetector

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38
Q

What are the two Internal standard used in Flame photometry

A

Lithium
Cesium

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39
Q

More preferred internal standard used in Flame photometry

A

Lithium

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40
Q

What is the 2 purpose of Internal standard:

A

correct variations in the flame

correct variations in the
atomizer/nebulizer

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41
Q

component of
flame photometry that allows
homogenous spray of sample into
the flame

A

Atomizer/nebulizer

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42
Q

Atomizer aka

A

nebulizer

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43
Q

ATOMIZER:

When the sample is sprayed
onto the ___, it ___
the ___, leaving the ____
alone.

A

flame;
evaporates;
solvent;
metal

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44
Q

What will happen if metal is combine with heat

A

it will become excited

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45
Q

Provides flame in the light source

A

Burner

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46
Q

Provides flame

A

Burner

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47
Q

T/F: The temperature of the flame we use is not a critical factors in flame photometry.

A

F; one of the critical factors in flame
photometry.

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48
Q

In flame photometry, the temperature of the flame depends
on the _____ that we use

A

fluid-oxidant mixture

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49
Q

What are the different FLUID-OXIDANT MIXTURE

A

Natural gas (air)
Propane
Hydrogen
Hydrogen-Oxygen
Acetylene
Acetylene-Oxygen
Acetylene-Nitrous oxide
Cyanogen-Oxygen

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50
Q

Natural gas (air)
Propane
Hydrogen
Hydrogen-Oxygen
Acetylene
Acetylene-Oxygen
Acetylene-Nitrous oxide
Cyanogen-Oxygen

are all _____

A

FLUID-OXIDANT
MIXTURE

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51
Q

Natural gas (air) temp: ___

A

1700 (max)

52
Q

Propane temp: ___

A

1800

53
Q

Hydrogen temp: ___

A

2000

54
Q

Hydrogen-Oxygen temp: ___

A

2650

55
Q

Acetylene temp: ___

A

2300

56
Q

Acetylene-Nitrous
oxide temp: ___

A

2700

57
Q

Cyanogen-Oxygen temp: ___

A

4800

58
Q

Cyanogen-Oxygen temp: ___

A

4800

59
Q

It measures the light absorbed by
atoms dissociated by heat

A

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

60
Q

AAS stands for

A

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

61
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS) measures the _____ by
___ dissociated by ___

A

light absorbed;
atoms;
heat

62
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS):

Principle: element is ______ by
merely dissociated from its chemical
bond and place in an ____,
___, ____

A

not excited;
unionized;
unexcited;
ground state.

63
Q

What is the principle of AAS

A

element is not excited by
merely dissociated from its chemical
bond and place in an unionized,
unexcited, ground state

64
Q

element is not excited by
merely dissociated from its chemical
bond and place in an unionized,
unexcited, ground state

A

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

65
Q

Purpose of ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

A

measurement of unexcited
ions

66
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

Purpose: measurement of ____

A

unexcited ions

67
Q

Example of unexcited ions

A

Ca2+ & Mg2+

68
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS) is the reference method for ___ and ___

A

calcium
magnesium

69
Q

Reference method for calcium and
magnesium

A

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

70
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS) is ____ more sensitive than ____

A

100x
flame photometry

71
Q

100x more sensitive than flame
photometry

A

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

72
Q

What are the components of FLAME PHOTOMETRY

A

Light Source
Monochromator
Photodetector
Internal standard

73
Q

What are the components of ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

A

Light source
Monochromator
Photodetector

74
Q

What are the light source used in AAS

A

→ Hollow-cathode lamp
→ Electrodeless Discharge lamps

75
Q

What are the Monochromator used in AAS

A

Diffraction gratings, prism

76
Q

What are the photodetector used in AAS

A

Photomultiplier tube

77
Q

INTERFERENCE IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)

A

Phosphate

78
Q

ATOMIC ABSORPTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS):

When phosphate is present in a
sample and calcium is being
measured, it can form _____, which ____ with
the testing

A

calcium phosphate;
interferes

79
Q

Added to prevent the formation of calcium
phosphate

A

Strontium Chloride or
Lanthanum Chloride

80
Q

These substances forms a complex
with phosphate

A

Strontium Chloride or
Lanthanum Chloride

81
Q

The presence of intense static magnetic
field will cause the wavelength of the
emitted radiation to split into several
components (shift in wavelength)

A

ZEEMAN EFFECT

82
Q

AAS: (ZEEMAN EFFECT)

The presence of _____ will cause the ____ of the
emitted ___ to _____ into several
____

A

intense static magnetic field;
wavelength;
radiation;
split;
components

83
Q

ZEEMAN EFFECT causes shift in ___

A

wavelength

84
Q

An electrochemical transducer capable of
responding to one given ion

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

85
Q

T/F: ISE is an electrochemical transducer capable of
responding to two given ion

A

F; ONE

86
Q

It measures the electrolyte dissolved in
the fluid phase of the sample in mmol/L
of plasma water.

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

87
Q

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE) measures the electrolyte dissolved in the fluid phase of the sample in _____
of _____ water

A

mmol/L;
plasma

88
Q

Method used by most automated
electrolyte analyzers

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

89
Q

Very sensitive and selective to the ion it
measures

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)

90
Q

particular component which is
responsible for the sensitivity and
selectivity of ISE

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)
MEMBRANES

91
Q

particular component which is
responsible for the sensitivity and
selectivity of ISE

A

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE)
MEMBRANES

92
Q

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE (ISE) MEMBRANES Provides ______/_____ TO ISE

A

specificity/selectivity

93
Q

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ISE Membranes

A

Glass aluminum silicate
Valinomycin gel
Solvent polymerics
Organic liquid membrane ion exchangers
Glass electrode
Gas and enzyme electrodes

94
Q

Glass aluminum silicate is specific to?

A

Sodium

95
Q

Valinomycin gel is specific to?

A

Potassium

96
Q

Solvent polymerics is specific to?

A

Chloride

97
Q

Organic liquid membrane ion
exchangers is specific to?

A

Calcium and Lithium

98
Q

Glass electrode is specific to?

A

Hydrogen

99
Q

electrolyte
used for measurement of pH

A

Hydrogen

100
Q

What is the Principle of ISE

A

one component has
a specific membrane while the other
does not

101
Q

Only allow a specific
analyte to pass through
depending on its selectivity

A

With specific membrane

102
Q

With specific membrane:

Only allow a____ to pass through
depending on its ____

A

specific analyte
selectivity

103
Q

The entire sample can
cross this electrode.

A

Without specific membrane

104
Q

T/F: Without specific membrane:
Can measure any analytes or
electrolytes present in the
sample

A

T

105
Q

ISE Measures the difference in the
____ between the _____ and the ____

A

potential
ISE membrane electrode
liquid junction

106
Q

The difference between ISE membrane electrode and the liquid junction is the ____ of the particular _____ in the
sample.

A

concentration
specific ion

107
Q

ISE is an example of an_____ under ______

A

analytical method
potentiometry

108
Q

an example of an analytical
method under potentiometry

A

ISE

109
Q

measure the
voltage difference (electrical
potential) between two
electrodes in an electrolyte
solution

A

Potentiometry

110
Q

Potentiometry measure the
______ between _____ in an electrolyte
solution

A

voltage difference
two electrodes

111
Q

Other term for voltage difference

A

electrical potential

112
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ISE

A

Direct ISE
Indirect ISE

113
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF ISE

A

Direct ISE
Indirect ISE

114
Q

T/F: THE TWO TYPES OF ISE depends on how we treat the sample

A

T

115
Q

Uses undiluted sample

A

Direct ISE

116
Q

Direct ISE uses ___

A

undiluted sample

117
Q

Sensitive to free ions only

A

Direct ISE

118
Q

T/F: Direct ISE CAN measure bound ions

A

F; Cannot measure bound ions

119
Q

Not affected by high proteins of high
lipids

A

Direct ISE

120
Q

Direct ISE is not affected by _____ or
____

A

high proteins or high lipids

121
Q

Uses diluted sample

A

Indirect ISE

122
Q

Indirect ISE uses ___

A

diluted sample

123
Q

Type of ISE that is employed in most
chemistry analyzer

A

Indirect ISE

124
Q

Interference in Indirect ISE

A

High protein and/or lipid

125
Q

High protein and/or lipid can cause false ___ (inc/dec) in ____
bec. they ____the electrolytes
when the samples are ____
(during ____).

A

decrease
electrolytes
displace
diluted
dilution

126
Q

In indirect ISE, it can cause false ↓ in electrolytes
bec. they displace the electrolytes
when the samples are diluted

A

High protein and/or lipid

[LAB] CC2 (2 decks)

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