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ADULT NURSING > ELECTROLYTES > Flashcards

ELECTROLYTES Flashcards

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1
Q

Sodium range

A

135-145mEq/L

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2
Q

Hyponatremia Sx

A

abdominal cramping
HT
loss of urine
spasm on muscles
weakness
decreased RR
seizure

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3
Q

Hyponatremia- Cx

A

V, D,
kidney failure
SAIDS

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4
Q

Hyponatremia- Assessment

A

cardiac
GI
renal
neuro
respiration

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5
Q

Hyponatremia- NI

A

hypovolemic- administer IV saline 3%
hypervolemic- restrictions fluids, diuretics
Na rich foods
check Li+

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6
Q

Hypernatremia- Sx

A

flushed, red skin
edema
thirst
confusion
fluid retention
decreased urine output
increased BP

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7
Q

Hypernatremia- Cx

A

Cushing’s disease
increased Na intake

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8
Q

Hypernatremia- Assessments

A

neuro
edema
respiration
cardiac
weight.

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9
Q

Hypernatremia- NI

A

restrict Na intake
safety- confusion
weight

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10
Q

Hypokalemia- Sx

A

heart- decreased HR, BP
EKG- ST depression, shallow T wave, prominent U wave
respiration- depressed
muscles- hypoactivity, weak, decreased reflexes
GI- hypoactivity
LATE- paralytic ileum

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11
Q

Hypokalemia- Cx

A

diuretics
adrenal sufficiency- Cushing’s disease
K+ excretion- V, D, GI suction
medication- insulin, aldosterone

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12
Q

Hypokalemia- Assessment

A

cardiac- EKG
GI
respiration
neuromuscular
Labs
renal
Mg. (both go down)

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13
Q

Hypokalemia- Tx

A

oral supplement- with food
IV infusion
HOLD K+. wasting diuretics

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14
Q

Hypokalemia- NI

A

Digoxin- check K+ levels– digoxin toxicity
K+ rich. food- green leafy food, fruits, potatoes, fish, carrots, cantaloupe

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15
Q

K+ IV Infusion: Things To Remember

A

SLOW– can cause infiltration, phlebitis
urine output is adequate– NTP if <20mL for 2 straight hours

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16
Q

Hyperkalemia- Cx

A

burns- leave cell to balance e-
tissue damage- rupture, K+ spills into bloodstream
acidosis- gets out of cells to balance
Adrenal insufficiency– releases aldosterone (hold Na&H2O, get. rid of K+) <- doesn’t work= Addison’s disease
renal failure- retention
Drugs- K+ sparing diuretics, ACE, NSAIDS

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia Range

A

3.5-5.0mEq/L

18
Q

Hyperkalemia- Sx

A

Heart- decreased HR, BP– contracted
EKG- tall T waves, prolonged QRS segment, absent P wave
Respirations- decreased– contracted diaphragm
GI- hyperactive sounds, motility– D
Muscles- hyperactive, muscle spasm– too many stimuli
LATE- weak muscles, flaccid– give out from contractions

19
Q

Hyperkalemia- Assessment

A

cardiac- EKG
neuromuscular
renal
respiratory
K+
GI

20
Q

Hyperkalemia- Tx

A

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate- D
IV sodium bicarb- corrects acidosis
IV calcium gluconate- decreases muscular irritability
diuretics- waste

21
Q

Calcium range

A

8.5-10.5mEq/L

22
Q

Hypocalemia- Cx

A

decrease vitamin D intake
decreased parathyroid– regulates Ca
wound drainage- alcoholism, bulimia
wound drainage- GI absorption
Crohn’s disease.
pancreatitis- stimulates calcitonin- moves Ca from blood into bones
kidneys- excrete too much Ca
increased Phosphate levels
medication- laxative, diuretics

23
Q

Ca use

A

bones, teeth, coagulation, nerve/muscles

24
Q

What E- does the opposite of Ca?

A

Phosphate

25
Q

What goes hand-in-hand with Ca?

A

vitamin D

26
Q

Vitamin D helps Ca in what ?

A

absorption

27
Q

Hypocalemia- Sx

A

confusion
hyperactive reflexes
muscle spasm– GI spasms= D
Positive Trousseaus
Signs of Chvostek

28
Q

Positive Trousseaus

A

BP cuff on for 3 minutes, watch hands, if flexing= POSITIVE

29
Q

Signs of Chvostek

A

hyper excitability of face– tap on jay, if flexing= POSITIVE

30
Q

Hypocalcemia- NI

A

safety- bones are fragile, increased risk of fractures
check digoxin levels- low Ca lead to toxicity
monitor phosphate levels- opposite of Ca
Ca rich foods- milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines, tofu
take Mg & vitamin D- helps increase Ca

31
Q

Hypocalcemia- Tx

A

IV Ca glutamate
oral Ca & Vitamin D- with with, absorbed in the GI

32
Q

Ca glutamate NI

A

slow, watch for infiltration, inflammation– hard on veins

33
Q

K+ use

A

responsible for heart and muscle contractibility

34
Q

Hypercalcemia- Cx

A

hyperparathyroidism
antacids
low phosphate
increased vitamin D intake
thiazide intake
Addison’s disease
lithium usage- decreased phosphate, increasing Ca

35
Q

Hypercalcemia- Sx

A

Heart- low HR, RR, BP
Respiration- SOB, weak respiration
GI- hypoactivity- C
N, V- trying to. get rid of Ca
Muscles- decreased DTR
BONE PAIN

36
Q

Hypercalcemia- NI

A

Safety- falls
Monitor I&O
IV fluids- prevent kidney stones
Avoid high. Ca foods- green leafy foods, sardines, dairy

37
Q

Hypercalcemia- Tx

A

Lasix
IV phosphate- worst enemy, decrease Ca
Calcium reabsorption inhibitors- calcitonin (back in the bone), biphosphonate, Aspirin, NSAIDS

38
Q

What precautions are put in place for low Ca?

A

seizure precaution

39
Q

Hypercalcemia- EKG

A

shortened QT, prolonged ST interval

40
Q

Hypokalemia- EKG

A

ST depression, prominent U waves, shallow T waves

41
Q

Hyperkalemia- EKG

A

Tall T waves, prolonged QRS, ST depression

ADULT NURSING (1 decks)

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