Electrolytes

Question 1

Hyponatraemia

Normal (135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L))

Answer 1

Carbamazepine 
PPI
Diuretics 
SSRIs
NSAIDS
Desomopressin
Hyponatraemia - leads to lithium toxicity but lithium itself causes HYPER

Question 2

HYPERkalameia

Normal ( 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L))

Answer 2

ACEi/ARB
Spironolactone
Trimethoprim
NSAIDS

Question 3

HYPOkalameia

Normal (3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L))

Answer 3

Diuretics
Steroids
Salbutamol
Theophylline

Low potassium - leads to digoxin toxicity!

Question 4

Hypocalcaemia
<2.2mmol/L)

Muscle cramp, pins needles, arrhythmia, convulsion

Answer 4

Anticonvulsant 
Bisphosphonates 
Steroids 
Rifampicin
Vit D deficiency  

Perform ECG - due to risk of QT prolongation

Question 5

Hypercalcaemia
>2.6mmol/L

Constipation, n&v, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, increased urine, thirst, confusion, muscle weakness, hallucination

Answer 5

Thiazide diuretics
Lithium
Tamoxifen
Vit D, A

Hypercalcaemia - increased risk of digoxin toxicity

Question 6

Hypomagnesemia
<0.7mmol/L

N&V, sleepiness, weakness, muscle spasm, tremor, loss of appetite, mood change, seizure

Answer 6

PPI
diuretics
Cyclosporin
Bisphosphonates

Question 7

Hypermagnesemia
>1.05mmol/L

Muscle weakness, hypotension, respiratory depression, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest

Answer 7

Antacids
Laxatives
Renal failure

Question 8

Drugs to avoid grape juice with?

Answer 8

Amiodarone
CCBS
Statins

Quetiapine
Sertraline

Tacrolimus
Ciclosporin

Colchine
Sildenafil

Question 9

What does oral chloramphenicol cause in breast feeding, pregnancy or children?

Answer 9

Grey baby syndrome

Question 10

Oral chloramphénicol interaction?

Answer 10

Iron

Take 2h before or after

Question 11

Reduce dose of Apixaban to 2.5mg BD

Answer 11

If under 60kg
Above 80 years
Serum creatinine >133

Question 12

Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 12

Scurvy

Bleeding gums

Question 13

B6

Pyridoxine

Answer 13

Used in TB
As isoniazid reduces B6 levels
Impaired causes immune system & NEUROPATHY deficiency, tiredness, mood changes and skin rashes

Question 14

Vitamin A

Answer 14

Avoid in pregnancy

Question 15

Vitamin K

Important role in blood clotting

Answer 15

Deficiency - causes bleeding
Haemorrhagic new born disease - due to mothers epilepsy

Treatment : INJECTION
prevent: ORAL vitamin k

Question 16

Hydroxycholoroquine

Quinine

Answer 16

Macrolide

Causes QT Prolongation

Question 17

Omeprazole & Clopidogrel

Answer 17

Omeprazole reduces efficacy of clopidogrel - INCREASED CLOT