Electrolyte Solution Flashcards
Moles (gram molecular weight) of solute in 1L of solution, also millimoles/mL (mM)
Molarity
Equivalents of solute in 1L of solution, milliequivalent/mL
Normality
Moles of solute in 1000 g of solvent
Molality
Ratio of the moles of one constituent of a solution to the total moles of all constituents
Mole Fraction
Moles of one constituent in 100 moles of the solution; multiplying mole fraction by 100
Mole Percent
Grams of solute in 100g of solution
% by weight
Milliliters of solute in 100 mL of solution
% by volume
Grams of solute in 100 mL of solution
% weight in volume
Milligrams of solute in 100 mL of solution
mg/dL
The mass of solute, that when dissolved in 1 kg of water, will exert an osmotic pressure equal to that exerted by a gram of MW of an ideal unionized substance dissolved in 1 kg of water
Osmolality
The mass of solute, that when dissolved in 1L of water, will exert an osmotic pressure equal to that exerted by a gram of MW of an ideal unionized substance dissolved in 1L of water
Osmolarity
What are examples of temperature-dependent? Give six (6).
Molarity
Normality
% by volume
% weight in volume
mg/dL
Osmolarity
What are examples of temperature independent? Give three (3).
Molality
% by weight
Osmolality
What is the relationship when there is high concentrations?
molality > molarity
mOsmol/kg > mOsmol/L
What is the relationship when there is low conc.?
They are nearly the same.
Stay intact in water or do not dissociate in solution.
Nonelectrolytes
Dissociate in solution (e.g. table salt)
Electrolytes
What is the bond of nonelectrolytes?
Covalent bonds
What is the bond of electrolytes?
Ionic bonds
Give examples of electrolytes.
Acids - Hydrochloric/Sulfuric
Base - Sodium Hydroxide
Salts - Sodium Chloride
Give examples of nonelectrolytes.
Carbon-containing compounds - Alkanes
Fat
Sugar
Full dissociation of electrolytes are called…
Strong electrolytes
Only parts of electrolytes dissociate which is called…
Weak electrolytes
Cannot be found as water-soluble compounds and water-insoluble compounds
Nonelectrolytes
What kind of dissociation do salts have? Why?
They have full dissociation because they fall under strong electrolytes.
Ratio of the weight of an atom of the measured element to the weight of an atom of another element taken as standard
Atomic weight
How to get molecular weight?
The sum of atomic weights of the atoms in the molecules that form such compound (e.g. C6H12O6)
Most commonly used concentration expression used for electrolytes in solution in the US
mEq
What does mEq relate to and what does it take note of?
Related to the total number of ionic charges
Takes note the valence of ions
Unit measurement of the amount of chemical activity of an electrolyte
mEq
The mEq of cation equals to…
mEq cation = mEq anion = mEq of chemical compound
How to get the equivalent weight of ions?
Atomic Weight or Molecular Weight/ Valence
This can be calculated by Eq/1000
Milliequivalents
Factors or formula to be remembered in mEq.
MW/f = mg/mEq
