Electrolyte Imbalances Symptoms

Question 1

HypoNa

“depressed and deflated”

Answer 1

Seizures & coma

Lethargy

Tachy

Respiratory Arrest

FIX: 3% NaCL IV (Hypertonic)

Question 2

HyperNa

“Big and Bloated”

Answer 2

Confusion

Swollen, red beefy tongue

N/V

Increased DTR

Dehydration, thirst, polyduria

Distended neck veins

FIX: Furosemide, 0.9% NS IV, D5 1/2 NS IV

Question 3

HypoK

“Low and Slow”

Answer 3

ST-depression, inverted-T, U-waves

Hypoactive bowel

flaccid paralysis

Paralytic ileus

FIX: Supplemental K IV infusion over 1 hr

Question 4

HyperK

“Tight and Contracted”

Answer 4

Heart block, v-fib

Brady

Tall peaked T-waves

Ascending bilateral weakness

Repsiratory paralysis

FIX: Polystyrene sulfinate (Kayexalate) with HHN albuterol

Question 5

HypoCa

Answer 5

Same As: HypoMg, HyperPhos

Trousseau & Chvostek

Diarrhea

Mouth tingling

Fractures

Bleed Risk

Dysrhythmias

Fix: Ca Gluconate IV

Question 6

HyperCa

“Swollen & slow - Moans, groans, stones”

Answer 6

Same As HyperMg, HypoPhos

Short QT interval

flaccid paralysis

Constipation

bone pain

kidney stones

FIX: Furosemide, Ca chelators