electrolyte imbalances Flashcards
1
Q
isotonic dehydration
A
- most common type
- decrease circulating volume
- inadequate tissue perfussion
-HYPOvolemia
2
Q
HYPERtonic dehydration
A
- second most common type
- water loss greater in ECF
- fluid shift from ICF to ECF
- HYPERmosmolar
- dehydration
- SHRINKAGE
3
Q
HYPOtonic dehydration
A
- least common type
- fluid shift causing DECREASE in plasma
- excessive loss of Na & K from ECF
- SWELLING of cells
- brain swell
- neuro problems
4
Q
dehydration
A
- FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT:
- water intake is LESS than what body needs
- ^BUN
- ^creatinine
- ^sodium
- ^specific gravity
- ^pulse
- decrease B/P
- ^respiration
- decrease UO
- dry skin
- have pt lie down
- COLD compress
- elevate legs
- give fluids
5
Q
OVERhydration
A
-FLUID OVERLOAD /EXCESS FLUID
-ISOtonic :
circulatory overload
edema
renal failure
-HYPERtonic:
water intoxication
CHF
SIADH
-HYPOtonic
excessive Na
- ^ pulse B/P Respiration
- JVD
- weight gain
- crackles
- edema
- altered LOC
- cool skin
6
Q
HYPOkalemia
A
- POTASSIUM LESS THAN 3.5
- FLACCID
- give potassium supplement (KDUR)
- orange juice or banana
- add K to IV fluids
- DIGOXIN TOXICITY:
- give digibind
7
Q
HYPERkalemia
A
- POTASSIUM MORE THAT 3.5-5.5
- RIDGID
-KAYEXALATE
-diuretics
D5-10 water + insulin
8
Q
potassium food
A
HIGH:
- avacado
- banana
- potatoes
- spinach
- beans
- citrus juice
- fish
LOW:
- corn
- pineapple
- apples
- green beans
- strawberry
9
Q
HYPOnatremia
A
-SODIUM less than 135
- RIDGID
- RETAIN FLUIDS
-
10
Q
HYPERnatremia
A
-SODIUM higher than 145
- FLACCID
- RELEASE FLUIDS
-muscle weakness
11
Q
HYPOcalemia
A
-CALCIUM less than 8.0
- RIGID
- trousseau (B/P cuff 1-4 mins)
- chvostek
- hand spasms
- give CALCIUM GLUCONATE
- give calcium supplements
12
Q
HYPERcalcemia
A
- CALCIUM higher than 10.0
- FLACCID
- flaccid heart, muscles,intertinal muscles
- decrease deep tendon reflex
- give MAGNESIUM SULFATE
13
Q
calcium foods
A
- broccoli
- almonds
- artichokes
- avacado
- celery
- onions
14
Q
HYPERphosphatemia
A
- PHOSPHORUS higher than 4.5
- RIDGID
- renal insufficiency
- give AMPHOGEL
15
Q
HYPOphosphatemia
A
- PHOSPHORUS less than 3.0
- FLACCID
- increases calcium levels
- avoid carbonated drinks
- shallow respirations
- muscle weakness
- cardiomyopathy
- give fish, beef, cheese, nuts
- avoid dairy products or calcium foods
