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Pharmacology > Electrolyte Imbalances > Flashcards

Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

Hypernatremia levels

A

> 145

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2
Q

What are the causes of hypernatremia?(6)

A
  1. hypovolemic
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Diabetes Inspidus
  4. Sweating
  5. Fever
  6. Diuretics
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3
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of hypernatremia?(5)

A
  1. thirsty
  2. dry mucosa
  3. decreased skin turgor
  4. tachy
  5. hypotensive
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4
Q

What is the treatment for hypernatremia?(3)

A
  1. Normal saline
  2. tx underlying disease
  3. replace water deficinecy
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5
Q

What is the level for hyponatremia?

A

< 135

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6
Q

What is the cause of hyponatremia?

A

SIADH

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyponatremia?(5)

A
  1. HA
  2. vomiting
  3. seizures
  4. ams
  5. cerebral edema
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8
Q

What is the treatment for hyponatremia?

A
  1. treat underlying cause
  2. fluid restriction
  3. do not increase more than 6-8 in 24 hrs
  4. oral salt
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9
Q

What is the level for hypokalemia?

A

< 3.5

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10
Q

What are the causes of hypokalemia?

A
  1. GI losses
  2. Beta 2 agonists
  3. Diuretics
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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?(5)

A
  1. EKG- ST depression
  2. muscle cramps
  3. weakness
  4. fatigue
  5. constipation
    CHAMPS
    Cramping, hypotension, arrythmia, malasia, polyuria, shallow resp

“low and slow”

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12
Q

What is the treatment for hypokalemia?

A
  1. oral potassium
  2. correct magnesium first
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13
Q

What is the levels for hyperkalemia?

A

> 5.0

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14
Q

what are the causes of hyperkalemia?

A
  1. hemolysis
  2. Renal failure
    3.CKD
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15
Q

What are s/s of hyperkalemia?

A
  1. EKG St elebation
  2. MURDER
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16
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A
  1. Calcium gluconate
  2. Glucose/ insluin
  3. Furosemia
  4. alburetrol
  5. hemodialysis
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17
Q

What are they causes of hypocalcemia?

A
  1. decreased intake
  2. increased secretion
  3. decreased Na
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18
Q

What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?

19
Q

What is the treatment for Hypocalcemia?

A

asymp: oral calcium
severe: IV calcium Gluconate

20
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcemia? (2)

A
  1. hyperparathyroidsims
  2. maligancy
21
Q

What are the s/s of hypercalcemia?

A

painful bones
renal stones
abdominal groans
constipation
psychiatric overtones
EKG: Short QT

22
Q

What is the mcc of hypophosphatemia?(4)

A

alcoholism
other refeeding syndrome
debateic ketoacidosis
respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?

A

IV fluids
maligancy: Bisphosphinates

23
Q

What are they s/s of hypophostphatemia?

A

weakness and seizures

24
Q

What is the mcc of hyperphosphatemia?

24
Q

What is the treatment for hypophostphatemia?

A
  1. PO/IV phosphate
  2. NA phosphate
  3. K phostphate
25
Q

What are the s/s of hyperphosphatemia?

A
  1. tetany
  2. increased QT
  3. CRAMPS
26
Q

What is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia?

A
  1. phosphate binders
  2. hydrate
  3. Ca acetate
27
Q

What is the causes of hypomagnesium?

28
Q

What are the s/s of hypomag?

A

1.decreased deep tendon reflexes
2. weakness
3. cramps
4. HTN
5. EKG: increased QT
6. low Ca
7. low K
8. high Urine Mag

29
Q

What is the treatment for hypomag?

A

IV mag Sulfate

30
Q

What are the causes of hypermag?

A
  1. CKD MCC
  2. decreased mg excretion
  3. antacids
  4. laxatives
31
Q

What are the s/s of hypermag?

A

EKG: QRS widening
decreased serum Ca

32
Q

What is the treatment for hypermag?

A

stop mag
Ca chloride

33
Q

If Ca decreased what increases?

A

phosphate and magnesium

34
Q

If magnesium decreased what decreases as well?

A

K/ potassium

35
Q

Hypercalcemia level?

36
Q

hypocalcemia level?

37
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?

A
  1. sodium chloride
  2. furosemide
  3. calcitonin
  4. bisphosphonates (best ones)ie. pamidronate or zolendronic acid
  5. dialysis (if others do not work)
38
Q

What is the level of hypophostatemia?

39
Q

What is the level of hyperphosphatemia?

40
Q

What is the level of hypomagnesium?

41
Q

What arrythia does hypomagnesium cause?

A

Torsades de pointes

42
Q

Hypermag level?

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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